01/07/2023
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Doctor of Law �
13/03/2023
Safe Custody of Samples of Narcotics and their transmission to the office of PFSA / Chemical Examiner.
Significance in Narcotic Cases.
Complete Case Law of Supreme Court...................................
2023 SCMR 139
In the cases of 9(c) of CNSA, it is duty of the prosecution to establish each and every step from the stage of recovery, making of sample parcels, safe custody of sample parcels and safe transmission of the sample parcels to the concerned laboratory. This chain has to be established by the prosecution and if any link is missing in such like offences the benefit must have been extended to the accused.
2022 SCMR 2149
2022 SCMR 2121
2022 SCMR 2105
2022 SCMR 2093
Possession of narcotics --- Safe custody of the recovered substance and its safe transmission from the local police station to the office of the Chemical Examiner not established by the prosecution --- In a case containing the said defect on the part of the prosecution , it cannot be held with any degree of certainty that the prosecution had succeeded in establishing its case against an accused person beyond the shadow of doubt.
2022 S C M R 1641
Possession of narcotics---Safe custody and safe transmission of samples to the Forensic Science Laboratory---Significance---Representative samples of the alleged drug must be kept in safe custody and undergo safe transmission from the stage of recovery till its submission to the office of the Government analyst---Non-establishing the said facts would cast doubt and would impair and vitiate the conclusions and reliability of the report of the Government analyst, thus rendering it incapable of sustaining conviction.
The chain of custody of sample parcels begins from the recovery of the narcotics by the police including the separation of representative samples of the recovered narcotics, their dispatch to the MaIkhana and further dispatch to the testing laboratory. The said chain of custody and transmission was pivotal as the entire construct of the Control of Narcotic Substances Act, 1997 (Act of 1997) and the Control of Narcotic Substances (Government Analysts) Rules, 2001 (Rules 2001), rest upon the report of the analyst. It is prosecutions bounden duty that such chain of custody must be safe and secure because the report of chemical examiner enjoined critical importance under the Act of 1997, and the chain of custody ensures the reaching of correct representative samples to the office of chemical examiner. Any break in the chain of custody i.e. the safe custody or safe transmission of the representative samples, makes the report of chemical examiner worthless and un-reliable for justifying conviction of the accused. Such lapse on the part of the prosecution would cast doubt and would vitiate the conclusiveness and reliability of the report of chemical examiner.
2022 SCMR 1627
Safe custody and safe transmission of samples to the Forensic Science Laboratory not established---Benefit of doubt---Recovery was effected on 16-10-2011, whereas according to the report of Forensic Science Laboratory (FSL), the sample parcels were received there on 21-10-2011 through a constable---Neither the Moharrar who kept the sample parcel in the Malkhana from 16.10.2011 to 21.10.2011 nor the constable was produced by the prosecution to establish the Safe custody and safe transmission of the sample parcels to the concerned laboratory---Since Safe custody and safe transmission of the samples had not been proved by the prosecution, and as such illegality could not be ignored, it could not be held that the prosecution had succeeded in establishing its case against the accused beyond any reasonable doubt---Jail petition was converted into appeal and allowed, and accused was acquitted of the charge by extending benefit of doubt to him
2022 SCMR 1422
Prosecution failing to establish safe custody and safe transmission of samples from the police to the Forensic Science Laboratory---In a case containing the said defect on the part of the prosecution it cannot be held with any degree of certainty the prosecution had succeeded in establishing its case against an accused person beyond any reasonable doubt.
2022 SCMR 1052
Safe custody and safe transmission of samples to the Forensic Science Laboratory not established---Benefit of doubt---Prosecution had failed to establish the safe custody of sample parcels in the Malkhana as the Moharar Malknana was not produced---Police official who allegedly transmitted the sample parcels to the concerned laboratory, was also not produced, hence prosecution failed to prove safe transmission of sample parcel to concerned laboratory---No explanation was provided for withholding such important piece of evidence---In view of such defect on the part of the prosecution it could not be held with any degree of certainty that the prosecution had succeeded in establishing its case against the accused beyond any reasonable doubt---Petition for leave to appeal was converted into appeal and allowed, and while extending benefit of doubt, the accused was acquitted of the charge.
2022 SCMR 1006
Safe custody and safe transmission of samples to the Forensic Science Laboratory not established---Benefit of doubt---Police official/witness claimed that the complainant/police official had handed over the sample parcels to him which he further handed over to Moharrar Investigation for safe custody for sending them to Forensic Science Laboratory---Said Moharrar Investigation who allegedly kept the sample parcels in safe custody was never produced by the prosecution---Safe custody of sample parcels was not established by the prosecution---Police constable, who allegedly took the sample parcels to the concerned laboratory was also not produced---In such eventuality, prosecution failed to establish safe custody and safe transmission of the sample parcels to the concerned quarter and the prosecution could not give any plausible explanation for not producing said important witnesses---Said defect in the prosecution case went into the root of the case creating serious doubt regarding the narcotics and its recovery---Petitions for leave to appeal were converted into appeals and allowed, and while extending benefit of doubt to them, the accused persons were acquitted of the charge.
2022 SCMR 864
Safe custody of samples and their transmission to the Chemical Examiner--- Significance--- Prosecution had the responsibility to prove the recovery of the contraband material from the accused, its safe custody and sending the samples for chemical analysis without undue delay to avoid any possibility of substitution---Where the recovered contraband material, including the pieces deducted for the purpose of chemical analysis were not in safe custody and transmission of the samples to the Chemical Examiner was doubtful, possibility of their tampering could not be ruled out.
2021 SCMR 492
Safe custody and transmission of samples of the narcotic from the police to the chemical examiner not established---Duplicate forensic report presented---Held, that the prosecution failed to establish the essential link of safe transmission of samples to the office of Chemical Examiner as despite opportunity the relevant official, who had delivered the samples, failed to enter the witness box---Furthermore the prosecution relied on a duplicate forensic report, which was inadmissible in evidence, to confirm narcotic character of the contraband---Supreme Court observed that such appalling inaptitude of the functionaries tasked to prosecute the crime, left no juridical possibility to maintain accused's conviction---Petition for leave to appeal was converted into appeal and allowed and the accused was acquitted of the charge.
2021 SCMR 451
Safe custody and transmission of samples of the narcotic from the police to the chemical examiner---Scope---Chain of custody or safe custody and safe transmission of narcotic drug began with seizure of the narcotic drug by the law enforcement officer, followed by separation of the representative samples of the seized narcotic drug, storage of the representative samples and the narcotic drug with the law enforcement agency and then dispatch of the representative samples of the narcotic drugs to the office of the chemical examiner for examination and testing---Such chain of custody must be safe and secure, because, the Report of the Chemical Examiner enjoyed critical importance under the Control of Narcotic Substances Act, 1997 and the chain of custody ensured that correct representative samples reached the office of the Chemical Examiner---Any break or gap in the chain of custody i.e., in the safe custody or safe transmission of the narcotic drug or its representative samples made the Report of the Chemical Examiner unsafe and unreliable for justifying conviction of the accused---Prosecution, therefore, had to establish that the chain of custody had been unbroken and was safe, secure and indisputable in order to be able to place reliance on the Report of the Chemical Examiner.
S. 9(c)---Possession and transportation of 45 kilograms of charas---Reappraisal of evidence---safe custody and transmission of samples of the narcotic from the warehouse to the chemical examiner not established---Held, that the letter of the Superintendent Preventive Service written to the Chemical Examiner stated that 43 sealed samples were being forwarded to the chemical examiner---Author of said letter was not produced as a witness---In the absence of the statement of the warehouse in-charge and the statement on behalf of the complainant (the official who recovered the narcotics),regarding the delivery of the samples of the narcotic drugs to the office of the chemical examiner, it could not be ascertained whether the narcotic drugs and the representative samples were deposited in the warehouse by the complainant; when and who collected the representative samples from the warehouse; and who delivered them by hand to the office of the Chemical Examiner---Such facts revealed that the chain of custody had been compromised and was no more safe and secure, therefore, reliance could not be placed on the Report of the Chemical Examiner to support conviction of the accused---Conviction and sentence recorded against the accused-lady were set aside in circumstances and she was acquitted of the charge---Appeal was allowed.
2021 SCMR 363
Safe custody and transmission of samples of the narcotic from the police to the chemical examiner---Scope---If safe custody of narcotics and its transmission through safe hands was not established on the record, same could not be used against the accused---In the present case, evidence regarding safe transmission of alleged recovered narcotics to the police station and then onto the laboratory for chemical analysis was missing---Accused was acquitted of the charge in such circumstances.
2020 SCMR 687
Safe custody of the recovered substance at the police station or safe transmission of the samples of the recovered substance from the police station to the office of the Chemical Examiner not established---Effect--- Conviction could not be recorded in such circumstances.
2019 SCMR 2004
Safe custody and safe transmission of drugs from the spot of recovery till its receipt by Narcotics Testing Laboratory must be satisfactorily established---Such chain of custody was fundamental as report of Government Analyst was the main evidence for the purpose of conviction---Prosecution must establish that chain of custody was unbroken, unsuspicious, safe and secure---Any break in the chain of custody i.e. safe custody or safe transmission would impair and vitiate the conclusiveness and reliability of the Report of Government Analyst thus rendering it incapable of sustaining conviction---Supreme Court set aside conviction and sentence awarded to accused by Trial Court and he was acquitted of the charge---Appeal was allowed.
2019 SCMR 1649
Safe custody of contraband substance by police not established---Safe transmission of samples to the Chemical Examiner not established---According to the FIR and the memorandum of recovery, ten packets of charas weighing one kilogram each had allegedly been recovered from the custody of the accused and it had been maintained by the prosecution that from each of the said packets one sample weighing five grams had been separated for chemical analysis---One of the police witnesses had categorically stated before the Trial Court that each of the recovered packets had only one slab in it but when the recovered substance had been produced before the Trial Court and was opened it was revealed that ten packets allegedly recovered in the case contained 96 slabs in all---Prosecution alleged that each of the parcels separated from the recovered substance was affixed with three seals reading the initials S.K. but the record showed that the monogram carrying the alphabets S.K. was not found available in the case-property at all---Record of the case also showed that nobody had appeared before the Trial Court to confirm safe custody of the recovered substance at the police station and the moharrir had also not appeared before the Trial Court---No witness had been produced before the Trial Court to state that the recovered substance or the parcels had not been tampered with while in transmission to the Forensic Science Laboratory or the office of the Chemical Examiner---Shape in which the recovered property was produced before the Trial Court indicated that the property so produced before the Trial Court was different from the property allegedly recovered at the time of the raid and recovery---Case against the accused was full of doubts the benefit of which had to be extended to him---Appeal was allowed, the conviction and sentence of the accused were set aside and he was acquitted of the charge by extending the benefit of doubt to him.
2019 SCMR 1300
Safe custody and transmission of samples of the alleged drug from the police to the Chemical Examiner---In cases where the chain of custody was broken, the report of the Chemical Examiner lost its reliability making it unsafe to support conviction---In the present case the sample of narcotic was dispatched to the Government Analyst for Chemical Examination through an officer of the Anti-Narcotics Force, but the said officer was not produced to prove safe transmission of the sample from the police to the Chemical Examiner---Chain of custody thus stood compromised---Resultantly, it would be unsafe to rely on the report of the Chemical Examiner---Conviction and sentence of accused was set aside in circumstances---Appeal was allowed accordingly.
2019 SCMR 1217
Safe custody of contraband substance by police---Scope---Case record showed that safe custody of the recovered substance at the local Police Station had not been established by the prosecution during the trial---Moharrir had been produced by the prosecution before the Trial Court but he had said nothing about receipt of the case-property or its safe custody by him---Where safe custody of the recovered substance was not established by the prosecution it could not be held that the prosecution had succeeded in establishing its case against an accused person---Convictions and sentences of the accused persons recorded and upheld by the courts below were set aside and they were acquitted of the charge by extending the benefit of doubt to them---Appeal was allowed.
2019 SCMR 608
Safe transmission of samples to the Chemical Examiner not established---Effect---In a case where safe custody of the recovered substance or safe transmission of samples of the recovered substance was not proved by the prosecution through independent evidence, it could not be concluded that the prosecution had succeeded in establishing its case against the accused beyond reasonable doubt---Record of the present case showed that safe custody of the recovered substance as well as safe transmission of samples of the recovered substance to the office of the Chemical Examiner had not been established by the prosecution---Station House Officer (SHO)/complainant had stated before the Trial Court that he had deposited the recovered substance at the malkhana of the local police station but admittedly the moharrir of the said police station had not been produced before the Trial Court to depose about safe custody of the recovered substance---Head Constable who had delivered the samples of the recovered substance at the office of the Chemical Examiner had also not been produced during the trial so as to confirm safe transmission of the samples of the recovered substance---Convictions and sentences of the accused persons recorded and upheld by the courts below were set aside in such circumstances and they were acquitted of the charge by extending the benefit of doubt to them---Appeal was allowed accordingly.
2018 SCMR 2039
Safe custody and transmission of samples of the alleged drug from the spot of recovery till its receipt by the Narcotics Testing Laboratory---Chain of custody began with the recovery of the seized drug by the police and included the separation of the representative sample(s) of the seized drug and their dispatch to the Narcotics Testing Laboratory---Said chain of custody, was pivotal, as the entire construct of the Control of Narcotic Substances Act, 1997 and the Control of Narcotic Substances (Government Analysts) Rules, 2001 rested on the report of the Government analyst, which in turn rested on the process of sampling and its safe and secure custody and transmission to the laboratory---Representative samples of the alleged drug must be in safe custody and undergo safe transmission from the stage of recovery till it is received at the Narcotics Testing Laboratory---Prosecution must establish that the chain of custody was unbroken, unsuspicious, indubitable, safe and secure---Any break in the chain of custody or lapse in the control of possession of the sample, would cast doubts on the safe custody and safe transmission of the sample(s) and would impair and vitiate the conclusiveness and reliability of the report of the Government Analyst, thus, rendering it incapable of sustaining conviction.
2015 SCMR 1002
Safe custody of narcotics---Proof---Accused persons were convicted and sentenced to imprisonment for life alleging recovery of 48 packets of Chars from their vehicle---Validity---Entire page which was to refer to relevant protocols and tests was not only substantially kept blank but the same had also been scored off by crossing it from top to bottom---Such was a complete failure of compliance of relevant Rule and such failure reacted against reliability of report produced by prosecution before Trial Court---Provisions of S. 36 of Control of Narcotic Substances Act, 1997, required a government Analyst to whom a sample of recovered substance was sent for examination to deliver to the person submitting the sample a signed report in quadruplicate in "the prescribed form"---If report prepared by government analyst was not prepared in the prescribed manner then it could not qualify to be called a report in the context of S. 36 of Control of Narcotic Substances Act, 1997, so as to be treated as "conclusive" proof of recovery of narcotic substance from accused person---Investigating officer appearing before Trial Court had failed to even mention name of police official who had taken the samples to office of Chemical Examiner---No such police official was produced before Trial Court to depose about safe custody of samples entrusted to him for being deposited in office of Chemical Examiner---Prosecution was not able to establish that after alleged recovery of substance so recovered was either kept in safe custody or that samples were taken from recovered substance had safely been transmitted to office of Chemical Examiner without the same being tampered with or replaced while in transit---Prosecution failed to prove its case against accused persons beyond reasonable doubt---Supreme Court set aside conviction and sentence awarded to accused persons and they were acquitted of the charge---Appeal was allowed...
08/08/2022
Complete important information about ... Cr.P.c . ...
*Criminal courts*- (sec 6-17)
*Justice of peace* – ( sec 22,22-A,22- B,25)
*Power of courts*- (28-41)
Imp sec (30+34,31,32,33)
*Aid to Mag & Police*- (42-45)
*Arrest generally how made* (46-53)
Imp sec 51
*Arrest without warrant*(54-67)
Imp sec (57,61,63,65)
*Process to compel appearance and produce document* ( 68-74)(90-94) Imp sec (90,91,94)
*Warrant of arrest* (75-86-A)
*Proclamation and attachment* (87-89)
*Search warrants* (96-105)
Imp sec (98,100,103)
*Wrongfully confined person/ Habeous Corpus* (100+491+552)
*Security for keeping peace* (106-126-A)
Imp sec (106,107,116,123)
*Unlawful Assembly* (127-132-A)
*Public Nuisance* (133-144)
Imp sec (144)
*Disputes to immovable property* (145-148)
*Preventive action of police* (149-153)
*FIR and power to investigate* (154-176)
Imp sec
(154,155,156,161,164,165,167,173,176)
*Statements of witnesses* (164+364+533)
*Search of closed place by police* (165+102+103)
*Physical and judicial remand* (167+344)
*Disinter corpses* (176)
*Place of inquiry and trial* (177-189)
*Cognizance by Magistrate/Session/HC* (190-194)
*Transfer of cases* (191,192,526,527,528)
*Cases in which cognizance shall be taken only when complaint filed by the required complainant* (195-199B)
*Complaint* (200-203)
*Zina/Qazf/Fornication* (203 A,B,C)
*Issue of process* (204)
*Attendance dispense with* (116,205,540-A)
*Charge* (221-240)
*Framing of charge*(221,222,223
*Error of charge*(225,232,535)
*Alteration of charge*(227,228,229,230,231)
*Joinder of charges*(233,234,235,236,239)
*Charge with one offence may be convicted of another* (236, 237,238)
*Withdrawal of charge*(240)
*Trial of Magistrate* (241-249-A)
*Compensation in false accusation* (250)
*Summary Trial* (260-265)
*Trial before session and High court* (265A-265N)
*Tender of Pardon* (337-339A,343)(
*Accused pleads guilty* (340)
*Accused doesnot understand proceedings* (341)
*Power to examine accused* (342)
*Compoundable offences* (345)
*Mag lacks jurisdiction*( 346,347)
*Recording of evidence* (353-365)
*Judgment* (366-373)(509-512)
*Submission of sentence for confirmation* (374-379)
*Ex*****on* (381-389)(396-400)
*Suspension, remission and commutation* (401,402)
*Double jeopardy* (403,art 13,sec 26 of general clauses,sec 11 cpc)
*Appeals*(404-431)
Imp sec (408,410,411-A,417,423+ 376,426,428+375)
*Revision/reference* (435/442)
Imp sec (435,439,439-A)
*Lunatics* (464-475)
*Affecting administration of justice* (476-487)
*Public Prosecutor* (492-495)
*Bail* (496-502)
*Commissions* (503-508A)
*Bonds* (513-516)
*Irregularities that vitiate or dont vitiate proceedings*(529,530)
*Compensation to heirs* (544-A)
*Inherent power of High Court* (561-A)
••••••••••••••••••••••••••
02/08/2022
الیکشن کمیشن آف پاکستان کے آج کے فیصلے کے بعد ہر طرف سے اسکی مختلف قسم کی تشریحات کی جارہی ہیں.
قانون کے ایک طالب علم کی حیثیت سے میری نظر میں اسکی تشریح کچھ اس طرح ہے.
الیکشن کمیشن میں پی ٹی آئی کیخلاف ممنوعہ فنڈنگ کا کیس چلا. سب سے پہلے ممنوعہ فنڈ کیا ہیں؟
ممنوعہ فنڈز کو پولیٹیکل پارٹیز آرڈر 2002 کی شق 6(3) میں بتایا گیا ہے کہ
Section 6.......(1)....
(2).........
(3) Any contribution made ,
directly or indirectly, by any foreign government, multi-national or domestically incorporated public or private company, firm, trade or professional association shall be prohibited and the parties may accept contributions and donations only from individuals.
اس تشریح رو سے ممنوعہ فنڈز میں تمام طرح کی وہ فنڈنگ شامل کی گئی ہے, جو اس شق کے زمرے میں آۓ گی.
اب اگر کسی پارٹی کے خلاف ممنوعہ فنڈز کی وصولی ثابت ہو جاۓ تو الیکشن کمیشن کے پاس اختیار صرف اسی شق کی ذیلی شق یعنی ( 4) 6 کے تحت ہے
(4) Any contribution or donation which is prohibited under this Order shall be confiscated in favour of the State in the manner as may be prescribed.
الیکشن کمیشن نے آج کے فیصلے میں پی ٹی آئی کو ممنوعہ فنڈز (ممنوعہ فنڈز کی بابت سیکشن 6(3) اوپر دی گئی ہے) کے وصول کرنے کا مرتکب قرار دیا ہے اور ساتھ ہی اس فنڈ کو سیکشن 6(4) کے تحت بحق سرکار ضبط کرنے کا نوٹس بھی دیا ہے. یعنی اپنا تمام اختیار استعمال کیا ہے اور پی ٹی آئی کے خلا ف کیس مکمل طور پر ثابت ہوا ہے.
اب اس فیصلے کے بعد مستقبل میں قانوناً پی ٹی آئی کے خلاف کیا کارروائی کی جا سکتی ہے؟
اسی پولیٹیکل پارٹیز آرڈر 2002 کی شق نمبر 15 مزید یوں کہتی ہے.
15. Dissolution of political party.
(1) Where the Federal Govern- ment is satisfied that a political party is a foreign-aided party or has been formed or is operating in a manner prejudicial to the sovereignty or integrity of Pakistan or is indulging in terrorism, it shall make such declaration by a notification in the official Gazette.
(2) Within fifteen days of making a declaration under clause (1), the Federal Government shall refer the matter to the Supreme Court whose decision on such reference shall be final.
(3) Where the Supreme Court upholds the declaration made against a political party under clause (1), such party shall stand dissolved forthwith.
اب اس سیکشن میں وفاقی حکومت کا اختیار دیا گیا ہے, جسکی رو سے کسی بھی Foreign aided political party کی Dissolution کا اختیار وفاقی حکومت کے پاس ہے. اس سیکشن میں سب س اہم لفظ Foreign -aided party ہے., جس کو سیکشن 2 کی زیلی کلاز C میں define کیا گیا ہے,
(c) "foreign-aided political party" means a political party which:
(i) has been formed or organised at the instance of any government or political party of a foreign country; or
(ii) is affiliated to or associated with any government or political party of a foreign country; or
(iii) receives any aid, financial or otherwise, from any government or political party of a foreign country, or any portion of its funds from foreign nationals;
اب اگر آجکے الیکشن کمیشن کے فیصلے کو اس پیرائے سے دیکھیں تو...
پی ٹی آئی کے خلا ف ممنوعہ فنڈز لینا ثابت ہوگیا ہے, یعنی سیکشن 6(3) کی خلاف ورزی کی گئی ہے اور اس فنڈ کے ضبط کئے جانے کا نوٹس بھی انہیں جاری ہوچکا ہے. اور جن زرائع سے رقم کی وصولی ثابت ہوئی ہے ان میں foreign sources شامل ہیں بدیں وجہ پی ٹی آئی ایک foreign aided political party نامزد کر دی گئی ہے اور اب آگے جاکر وفاقی حکومت جب اپنا اختیار زیر سیکشن 15 استعمال کریگی تو قانوناً پی ٹی آئی تحلیل ہوجائے گی اور پھر اسکا اثر, پارٹی کے ممبران اسمبلی پر, زیر سیکشن 16, ذیل ہوگا,
Effects of dissolution of political party .
(1) Where a political party is dissolved under Article 15, any member of such political party, if he is a member of the Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) or a Provincial Assembly, shall be disqualified for the remaining term to be a member of the Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) or as the case may be, the Provincial Assembly, unless before the final decision of the Supreme Court, he resigns from the membership of the party and publicly announces his disassociation with such political party.
(2) A person becoming disqualified from being a member of the Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) of Provincial Assembly under clause (1) shall not participate in election for any elective office or any legislative body till the expiry of four years from the date of his disqualification from being a member of the Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) or, as the case may be, the Provincial Assembly.
(3) The order of members of a political party becoming disqualified from being members of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) of the Provincial Assembly on its dissolution shall be notified in the official Gazette.
اس حساب سے پی ٹی آئی نہ صر ف تحلیل ہوگی بلکہ اسکے تمام ممبران اسمبلی 4 سال کیلئے نااہل بھی ہونگے.
24/05/2022
چالان کیا ہوتا ہے اور اس میں کتنے کالم ہوتے ہیں؟173crpc
کسی بھی فوجداری مقدمہ میں پولیس جب ملزم/ملزمان کی تفتیش کرتی ہے تو اس تفتیش سے اخذ کیے گئے نتائج کو متعلقہ ٹرائل کورٹ میں پیش کرنے کے لیے CrPC کے سیکشن 173 کے تحت ایک رپورٹ مرتب کرتی ہے جسے ہم عام عدالتی زبان میں چالان کہتے ہیں۔ یاد رہے کہ چالان کا لفظ CrPC میں کہیں بھی نہیں استعمال ہوا بلکہ یہ عام عدالتی زبان سے وجود میں آیا۔
چالان میں مندرجہ ذیل 7 کالم ہوتے ہیں:
1: Name of the informant
چالان کے کالم نمبر 1 میں مدعی یا اطلاع دھندہ کا نام ہوتا ہے
2: Name of the person who have not be challan or his name include as abscounder
چالان کےکالم نمبر 2 میں ان ملزمان کا نام ہوتا ہے جن کو پولیس نے بے گناہ کیا ہو یا پھر انکا نام ہوتا ہے جن کو پولیس نے اشتہاری قرار دیا ہو
3: The accused who have been Challaned by police
کالم نمبر 3 میں ان ملزمان کا ذکر ہوتا ہے جن کو پولیس نے گنہگار کرکے چالان کیا ہو
4: The person who have been Challaned but on bail
کالم نمبر 4 میں ان افراد کا ذکر ہوتا جن کو چلان تو کیا گیا ہو مگر ضمانت پر ہوں
5: Property of case
کالم نمبر 5 میں مال مقدمہ کا ذکرہوتا ہے
6: Prosecution witnesses
کالم نمبر 6 میں استغاثہ کے گواھان کی فہرست ہوتی ہے
7: Facts of the case and opinion of investigation officer
کالم نمبر 7 میں مقدمہ کے حالات و واقعات کا ذکر ہوتا ہے تفتیشی آفیسر کی رائے تحریر ہوتی ہے اور عدالت میں پیش کردہ دستاویزات جو تفتیشی بطور شہادت پیش کرتا ہے کا ذکر کرتا ہے۔.
23/04/2022
پچاس سوالات کے جوابات جو جج اور وکیل کو معلوم ہونے چاہئیں
ANSWERS OF FIFTY QUESTIONS WHICH MUST BE KNOWN TO A JUDGE AND AN ADVOCATE
1. What is meant by the terms “Legal and Illegal”?
2. What is meant by “Maintainability” what are the ingredients required to be known if the suit, case, petition or reference is maintainable or not?
3. Can judge talk, discuss or argue with counsel or petitioner? Reply after advancing consequences.
4. What is the relationship of pleading, evidence, judgment and decree? Self contradictory pleading is not permissible in law, evidence on such pleading leads to incorrect judgment and decree, in such case; who is responsible, judge or counsel?
5. Can a decree be incorrect or annul? If so, what remedy is available in law for its correction? Why a decree can be incorrect or annul?
6. Can judge write in the judgment or order that the learned counsel for the petitioner, plaintiff, and respondent could not satisfy the court?
7. Can judge greet with an advocate when an advocate comes into the court?
8. Can judge, advocate or a police official call any accused person(s) with the charge he / she is charged for? For example; as in case of 380 PPC, can a judge call an accused person as thief?
9. Can judge pass a smile to Advocate or petitioner in open court? Justify it with provision(s) of law.
10. Is there any difference in advocate and membership of bar? If yes, provide provisions.
11. What is the criminal justice system of Pakistan? Do judges and advocate have understanding of it?
12. What are the characteristics of adversarial justice system?
13. Which section(s) of law, PPC, are attracted when it is said that “there is difference between law and practice”? For government servant(s), private person(s) and for advocate(s)?
14. When judge becomes bias? If judge is found bias? What are the remedies?
15. When an advocate becomes bias? What are the remedies with judge when he finds an advocate bias?
16. What are the provisions under which a judge and advocate can be prosecuted or sued?
17. In what cases a judge(s) and advocate(s) are immune and in what situations, judge(s) and advocate(s) are not immune?
18. What is good faith? Is it a defence? If good faith is defence, why it is not proved the way as civil defence is required to be proved such is the case in section 86 to 106 PPC?
19. Can judge presume law or facts other than that of pleading and evidence? What do our judges do?
20. Can a judge, give his personal opinion(s) in the judgment or order? Give provisions.
21. What is the scope of inherent powers of court, can a judge make new law(s) under inherent powers? If no, what is the need of inheritance power and administration of justice?
22. What if there is no eye witness in a case? The judge will end up with the case or under the law; the case can't be end up only for the reason that there is no eye witness? Plaintiff and defendant, complainant and accused are eye witness and enough for the case and suit. If agree or disagree, give reasons.
23. Parties to the contract and subsequent in the suit other than that of eye witnesses, are witnesses or not? If they are not witnesses, means, parties to the contract and subsequent in the suit other than that eye witnesses then there is no role and need of cross examination and advocacy. if agree or disagree, give reasons.
24. When judge can't hear the case anymore?
25. Judges are not sacred cows they must be prosecuted and sued give reasons and provision(s) of law.
26. What are the degrees of participation in the crime? In which degree of participation in the crime does an advocate falls?
27. Why the investigation of white color crime is difficult?
28. Establishment of NAB, NTS and HEC of Pakistan is legal or illegal, justify your answer with reasons and provision(s) of law.
29. Define criminal liability, strict liability and absolute liability.
30. What is enforceable and what is not enforceable by law?
31. Everyone is in a contract? What is the name of that contract? Can a suit under aforesaid contract be filed?
32. Why limitation does not run on inheritance and fraud?
33. Limitation is the mixed question of law and fact what does it mean or why limitation is the mixed question of law and fact?
34. How to determine if the limitation is the mixed question of law and fact and when the limitation is only question of law?
35. Why a delay defies justice in criminal cases?
36. Circumstantial and collaborative evidence defeats the justice system of Pakistan for incapability of police, courts and advocacy, justify it
37. What is police? Is police a government institution? If police is a government institution, why Bar is not government institution?
38. What is licence? In what cases licence is required? Does an advocate need a licence to practice law?
39. What is difference between illegality and irregularity? Point out some situations where illegality and irregularity is mixed up.
40. There is no family law in Pakistan and the Family Courts are the sources of spreading and making ZINA common in Pakistan, if agree or disagree, give reasons and provisions of law.
41. Family Courts have the role of classical father which is not being performed by her, if agree or disagree, give reasons.
42. Name some of the cases and suits filed by advocates which should not be filed by them and due to such cases and suits there are number of cases pending in the courts which end up with no results except than that of the loss of trust and money.
43. Suggest at least one ground on which writ petition is maintainable before the departmental appeal other than service tribunal?
44. All the civil issues are crimes and there is law to address them in PPC, give at least two examples of civil suit’s proceedings and two of family suit’s proceeding.
45. Where are rights? In evidence or law? Even evidence can infringed the right, give any example, how?
46. What is suggestion? How the true value of suggestion is sought? Judges and advocates don’t know the proper use of suggestions? If agree or disagree, give reasons.
47. One suggestion can prove entire suit or case? If agree or disagree, give reasons.
He who is master in suggestion(s) is master at advocacy, if agree or disagree, give reasons.
48. What type of mind must be of a judge and advocate, an open minded or closed minded?
49. What is the remedy (punishment) for violation of fundamental rights? Under what provision(s) FIR or private complaint can be logged?
50. Suggest me if I continue practicing law or leave it and find any other job for my living?
1. اصطلاحات "قانونی اور غیر قانونی" سے کیا مراد ہے؟
2. "مینٹین ایبلٹی" سے کیا مراد ہے کہ اگر سوٹ، کیس، پٹیشن یا ریفرنس قابل برقرار ہے یا نہیں تو معلوم کرنے کے لیے کیا اجزاء درکار ہیں؟
3. کیا جج وکیل یا درخواست گزار کے ساتھ بات، بحث یا بحث کر سکتا ہے؟ آگے بڑھنے کے نتائج کے بعد جواب دیں۔
4. استدعا، ثبوت، فیصلے اور فرمان کا کیا تعلق ہے؟ خود متضاد استدعا قانون میں جائز نہیں ہے، ایسی خوشنودی پر ثبوت غلط فیصلے اور حکم نامے کی طرف لے جاتا ہے، ایسی صورت میں؛ کون ذمہ دار ہے، جج یا وکیل؟
5. کیا حکم نامے کو غلط یا منسوخ کیا جا سکتا ہے؟ اگر ایسا ہے تو اس کی اصلاح کے لیے قانون میں کیا طریقہ موجود ہے؟ ایک حکم نامہ غلط یا منسوخ کیوں ہو سکتا ہے؟
6. کیا جج فیصلے یا حکم میں لکھ سکتا ہے کہ درخواست گزار، مدعی اور مدعا کے لیے سیکھے ہوئے وکیل عدالت کو مطمئن نہیں کر سکے؟
7. جب کوئی وکیل عدالت میں آتا ہے تو کیا جج کسی وکیل سے سلام کر سکتا ہے؟
8. کیا جج، ایڈووکیٹ یا پولیس اہلکار کسی بھی ملزم (شخص) کو اس الزام کے ساتھ کال کر سکتا ہے جس کا اس پر الزام لگایا گیا ہے؟ مثال کے طور پر؛ جیسا کہ 380 پی پی سی کے معاملے میں، کیا کوئی جج ملزم کو چور کہہ سکتا ہے؟
9. کیا جج کھلی عدالت میں وکیل یا درخواست گزار کو مسکراہٹ دے سکتا ہے؟ قانون کی دفعات کے ساتھ اس کا جواز پیش کریں۔
10. کیا بار کی وکالت اور رکنیت میں کوئی فرق ہے؟ اگر ہاں، تو شرائط فراہم کریں۔
11. پاکستان کا فوجداری انصاف کا نظام کیا ہے؟ کیا ججوں اور وکیلوں کو اس کی سمجھ ہے؟
12. مخالف نظام انصاف کی خصوصیات کیا ہیں؟
13. قانون کی کون سی سیکشن (زبانیں)، PPC، جب یہ کہا جاتا ہے کہ "قانون اور عمل میں فرق ہے"، متوجہ ہوتے ہیں؟ سرکاری ملازمین، پرائیویٹ پرسنز اور ایڈووکیٹ کے لیے؟
14. جج کب تعصب بن جاتا ہے؟ اگر جج تعصب پایا جاتا ہے؟ علاج کیا ہیں؟
15. جب وکیل تعصب بن جاتا ہے؟ جب جج کو وکیل کی طرفداری نظر آتی ہے تو اس کے پاس کیا علاج ہیں؟
16. وہ کون سی دفعات ہیں جن کے تحت جج اور وکیل پر مقدمہ چلایا جا سکتا ہے یا مقدمہ چلایا جا سکتا ہے؟
17. کن معاملات میں جج اور وکیل استثنیٰ حاصل کرتے ہیں اور کن حالات میں جج اور وکیل استثنیٰ نہیں رکھتے؟
18. نیک نیتی کیا ہے؟ کیا یہ دفاع ہے؟ اگر نیک نیتی دفاع ہے تو اسے کیوں ثابت نہیں کیا جاتا جیسا کہ سول ڈیفنس کو ثابت کرنا ضروری ہے سیکشن 86 سے 106 پی پی سی میں ایسا ہی ہے؟
19. کیا استدعا اور ثبوت کے علاوہ قانون یا حقائق کا اندازہ لگا سکتا ہے؟ ہمارے جج کیا کرتے ہیں؟
20. کیا کوئی جج، فیصلے یا حکم میں اپنی ذاتی رائے دے سکتا ہے؟ رزق دیں۔
21. عدالت کے موروثی اختیارات کا دائرہ کیا ہے، کیا کوئی جج موروثی اختیارات کے تحت نیا قانون بنا سکتا ہے؟ اگر نہیں تو وراثتی اقتدار اور انصاف کے انتظام کی کیا ضرورت ہے؟
22. اگر کسی کیس میں کوئی چشم دید گواہ نہ ہو تو کیا ہوگا؟ جج کیس کو ختم کرے گا یا قانون کے تحت؛ کیس صرف اس وجہ سے ختم نہیں ہو سکتا کہ کوئی چشم دید گواہ نہ ہو؟ مدعی اور مدعا علیہ، شکایت کنندہ اور ملزم عینی گواہ ہیں اور مقدمہ اور مقدمہ کے لیے کافی ہیں۔ اگر متفق ہوں یا متفق ہوں تو وجوہات بتائیں۔
23. عینی گواہوں کے علاوہ معاہدے کے فریقین اور اس کے بعد مقدمہ میں گواہ ہیں یا نہیں؟ اگر وہ گواہ، ذرائع، معاہدے کے فریق اور بعد ازاں مقدمہ میں اس چشم دید گواہ کے علاوہ کوئی اور کردار نہیں ہے تو پھر جرح اور وکالت کی کوئی ضرورت نہیں ہے۔ اگر متفق ہوں یا متفق ہوں تو وجوہات بتائیں۔
24. جب جج کیس کی مزید سماعت نہیں کر سکتا؟
25. ججز مقدس گائے نہیں ہیں ان کے خلاف قانونی چارہ جوئی کی جانی چاہیے اور قانون کی وجوہات اور دفعات کے تحت مقدمہ چلایا جانا چاہیے۔
26. جرم میں شرکت کی ڈگریاں کیا ہیں؟ ایک وکیل جرم میں شرکت کے کس درجے میں آتا ہے؟
27. سفید رنگ کے جرائم کی تفتیش مشکل کیوں ہے؟
28. پاکستان میں نیب، این ٹی ایس اور ایچ ای سی کا قیام قانونی ہے یا غیر قانونی، اپنے جواب کو وجوہات اور قانون کی دفعات کے ساتھ درست کریں۔
29. مجرمانہ ذمہ داری، سخت ذمہ داری اور مطلق ذمہ داری کی وضاحت کریں۔
30. کیا قابل نفاذ ہے اور کیا قانون کے ذریعے قابل نفاذ نہیں ہے؟
31. ہر کوئی ایک معاہدے میں ہے؟ اس معاہدے کا نام کیا ہے؟ کیا مذکورہ معاہدے کے تحت مقدمہ دائر کیا جا سکتا ہے؟
32. وراثت اور فراڈ پر حد کیوں نہیں چلتی؟
33. محدودیت قانون اور حقیقت کا مخلوط سوال ہے اس کا کیا مطلب ہے یا محدودیت قانون اور حقیقت کا مخلوط سوال کیوں ہے؟
34. یہ کیسے طے کیا جائے کہ کیا حد قانون اور حقیقت کا مخلوط سوال ہے اور جب حد صرف قانون کا سوال ہے؟
35. فوجداری مقدمات میں تاخیر انصاف سے کیوں انکار کرتی ہے؟
36. حالات اور باہمی شواہد پولیس، عدالتوں اور وکالت کی نااہلی کے لیے پاکستان کے نظام انصاف کو شکست دیتے ہیں، اس کا جواز پیش کریں۔
37. پولیس کیا ہے؟ کیا پولیس سرکاری ادارہ ہے؟ پولیس سرکاری ادارہ ہے تو بار سرکاری ادارہ کیوں نہیں؟
38. لائسنس کیا ہے؟ کن صورتوں میں لائسنس کی ضرورت ہے؟ کیا وکیل کو قانون پر عمل کرنے کے لیے لائسنس کی ضرورت ہے؟
39. غیر قانونی اور بے قاعدگی میں کیا فرق ہے؟ کچھ ایسے حالات کی نشاندہی کریں جہاں غیر قانونی اور بے قاعدگی آپس میں مل جاتی ہے۔
40. پاکستان میں کوئی عائلی قانون نہیں ہے اور فیملی کورٹس پاکستان میں زنا کو پھیلانے اور اسے عام کرنے کا ذریعہ ہیں، اگر متفق ہوں یا متفق ہوں تو قانون کی وجوہات اور دفعات بتائیں۔
41. فیملی کورٹس میں کلاسیکل باپ کا کردار ہوتا ہے جو وہ ادا نہیں کر رہی ہیں، اگر متفق ہوں یا متفق ہوں تو وجوہات بتائیں۔
42. وکلاء کی طرف سے دائر کیے گئے کچھ مقدمات اور سوٹوں کے نام بتائیں جو ان کی طرف سے دائر نہیں کیے جانے چاہئیں اور ایسے مقدمات اور سوٹوں کی وجہ سے عدالتوں میں بہت سے مقدمات زیر التوا ہیں جن کا نتیجہ سوائے اعتماد کے نقصان کے اور کوئی نتیجہ نہیں نکلتا۔ پیسہ
43. کم از کم ایک بنیاد تجویز کریں جس پر سروس ٹریبونل کے علاوہ محکمانہ اپیل کے سامنے رٹ پٹیشن قابل سماعت ہو؟
44. تمام دیوانی مسائل جرائم ہیں اور PPC میں ان کے حل کے لیے قانون موجود ہے، کم از کم دو مثالیں دیوانی مقدمے کی کارروائی اور دو فیملی سوٹ کی کارروائی کی دیں۔
45. حقوق کہاں ہیں؟ ثبوت یا قانون میں؟ ثبوت بھی حق کی خلاف ورزی کر سکتے ہیں، کوئی مثال دیں، کیسے؟
46. تجویز کیا ہے؟ تجویز کی حقیقی قدر کیسے تلاش کی جاتی ہے؟ کیا ججز اور وکلاء تجاویز کا صحیح استعمال نہیں جانتے؟ اگر متفق ہوں یا متفق ہوں تو وجوہات بتائیں۔
47. ایک تجویز پورے مقدمے یا کیس کو ثابت کر سکتی ہے؟ اگر متفق ہوں یا متفق ہوں تو وجوہات بتائیں۔
جو مشورے میں ماہر ہے وہ وکالت میں ماہر ہے، اگر متفق ہوں یا متفق نہیں تو وجوہات بتائیں۔
48. جج اور وکیل کا ذہن کس قسم کا ہونا چاہیے، کھلے ذہن کا یا بند ذہن کا؟
49. بنیادی حقوق کی خلاف ورزی کا علاج (سزا) کیا ہے؟ کس دفعات کے تحت ایف آئی آر یا نجی شکایت درج کی جا سکتی ہے؟
50. مجھے بتائیں کہ کیا میں قانون کی مشق جاری رکھوں یا اسے چھوڑ کر اپنی زندگی کے لیے کوئی اور نوکری تلاش کروں؟
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