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Africa Lodge Magazine, Lagos/Nigeria, Lagos (2024)

28/04/2024

The importance of "Obi" in Igbo land.

Obi ,Obu or Iba, usually refers to Patio, is located in a central position within the familial compound for receiving visitors. In Igbo culture, Obi is revered and naturally for the eldest sons. Although the settlement patterns of communities vary within the regions of Igboland, a recurring feature in local architecture is the presence of small lodges, known in various Igbo dialects as an 'Obi', 'Obu', 'Iba', "Ogbiti', etc. Situated in a central position within the familial compound, the Obi is solely owned by the family patriarch as the Igbo culture entails, and serves as an informal gathering place often used as a parlor for entertainment purposes.

Obi were often built with open walls, so as to allow maximum airflow, and with thick thatch roofing, to provide cool shade from the hot sun.
The Obi signifies a man's independence, as it is the desire of every young Igbo man to work hard and accumulate enough wealth to go out and establish his own compound and build his own Obi. Possession of the obi is often passed down from a father to his diọkpara (first son), whose duty it is to see that his father's obi is always kept clean and within the possession of his family.
The Ọnicha Ado calls it "Iba", being overseen by the diọkpa. There he consult the spirit of their ancestors. The Obi is also symbolic; it functions as the tempo-spiritual essence of the collective identity of an Igbo household. The ụmụada of the same clan also use obi for their spiritual purposes and gatherings.

A father has every right to bequeath the "Obi" to any of his child if he's not in good terms with his first son. they're not in good terms.
If the first son, probably ofeke, were daring enough to sell his father's obi, or the land upon which is built, such a person would be regarded contemptuously, and inadvertently attracted the wrath of the gods upon himself. Obi is sacrosanct and revered in Igbo land.
As Igbo culture entails, Patio "Obi" is for the eldest sons (Diọkpara). It's cultural that every Igbo household is expected to have Obi or Iba.

27/04/2024

In some places in Ebonyi State, a bride will have to fetch fire wood or water from the stream for her mother in -law to show her commitment,loyalty and respect for her being the mother of her husband, the bride does that in accompany of her friends numbering as much as possible.
This event sometimes take place a day before the traditional marriage day ceremony to create awareness of the event and for people of the community to bear withness that such conjugal cultural events is about to take place.

22/04/2024

The Mangbetu tribe is an ethnic group located in the northeastern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, primarily in the Haut-Uele and Bas-Uele provinces.

One of the most recognizable features of the Mangbetu people is their elongated heads, a result of the practice of head shaping or cranial deformation. This tradition was a symbol of beauty and social status among the Mangbetu elite

The practice of head shaping was widespread, particularly among the aristocracy and ruling elite. This tradition involved intentionally shaping the heads of infants soon after birth to achieve a distinctive elongated or elongated-conical shape.

The Mangbetu viewed the elongated head as a symbol of beauty, intelligence, and high social status. It was associated with ideals of refinement and elegance, and individuals with elongated heads were often regarded as members of the elite class within Mangbetu society.

The process of cranial deformation typically began shortly after birth when an infant's skull bones were still soft and malleable. Various techniques were employed to shape the head, including the use of padded boards, bindings, or tight wrappings applied around the infant's head.

Head shaping was not only a physical practice but also held deep cultural significance within Mangbetu society. It served as a marker of identity, distinguishing members of the ruling class from the common populace, it reinforced social hierarchies and notions of beauty and prestige within the community.

With the decline of traditional societal structures and the influence of external cultural forces, the practice of head shaping among the Mangbetu has significantly declined in modern times. — with Salemane Letlotlo Ȝ'ȝ.

13/04/2024

Afikpo (Ehugbo)
Afikpo is an ancient Igbo town in present day Ebonyi state with history dating back to Neolithic Age 3000BC. The oral historical accounts was told by chroniclers and elders.According to Ottenberg and Ebonyi online,the present inhabitants are descendants of two groups Nkalu and Ego(or Egu) who were the very first setlers at Afikpo. Afikpo owe its culture and tradition to Ego,the very first to settle.The leader of Ego was a man called Anuma Ugwu,who settled in an area now occupied by Ezi ukaka Amaha Amaizu.Another tradition has it that the indiginous people of Afikpo went to war and defeated Ego (indiego) Who were originally Somewhere between Abakaliki and Ahoazara and took many of them prisoners to Afikpo.
According to research done by prof D.D Talbot in 1996 at Ezi Ukwu rockshelter Human settlement was dated between 5000BC to 3000BC.

Afikpo was an important trade route linking the non- igbo speaking people on the Cross-river with the hinterland igbos.
It has a famous Eke Ukwu market named after the day on Which they meet and is also connected to other important market centres like Akpoha and Eke Imoha markets,Ahia okpu ugwueguelu,Ahia Ogo in Amachara,Ogbanja at Ndibe,Nkwo Ozizza in Ozizza,and they generally meet on different days on the four days of igbo week.people came from neighbouring communities like Edda, Ohafia ,Ikomoro and Enna Ohia to buy pottery,fish,salt and palm produce

""According to Ottenberg (1968 ) ,He noted that Afikpo traders were active,shipping yams and other foodstuffs and pottery (made by Afilkpo women)south and European goods north by Canoe"" .
Oral tradition traces pottery to Ego(indiego).Indiego were great artists, craftsmen and knew much about pottery, blacksmithing, weaving and carving. Those that settled at ohaozara were great blacksmithers while those that moved to ishaigu and afikpo were potters and carvers. The historical linkages between Afikpo and Ishiagu reveals the existence of identical pottery tradition in Ishiagu and its believed to be same pottery origin that spread to Okigwe, Awgu,igbo ukwu.

Photo:Afikpo village, Eastern Nigeria 1951. Publisher: Simon Ottenberg

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16/03/2024

There's a video featuring a young boy from Ogidi, Anambra State, who goes by the name Chinechierem Nwankwo. This boy is just 12 years old and is skilled at woodcarving, specifically carving what he calls 'Okposi' for native doctors and ndi Ezenwayi. He claims to have received inspiration from a dream, and people are eagerly purchasing his products because they are effective. He also shares the secret behind his potency, saying that he uses Oji tree, Orji tree (Iroko), Ukpaka tree, and Ogirise trees for carving the woodwork, for it be effective. He even knows the names of all his artwork

As you can see, other children work alongside him, and he pays them. At the age of 12, this boy is an employer of labour in Nigeria.

In the comments, some people suggest he should pursue other endeavours, while others praise and offer support.

In my opinion, nobody should discourage this talented boy. Although he's currently in primary 6, those around him should also encourage him to take his education seriously. His craftsmanship has the potential to make him a millionaire in the future. It's evident that this skill is a gift from his Chi, and abandoning it could make life challenging for him.

I also suggest contacting the Commissioner of Culture and Tourism in Anambra State to guide this boy in utilizing his potential to grow our culture and boost tourism in the state.

Before condemning him for his handiwork, remember that many developed countries are making millions of dollars from this kind of wooden work, which they appropriated from our land during the colonial era. If you visit their museums, people pay handsomely to see such artwork. You'll witness admiration for his art, with some pieces selling for millions of dollars.

What this boy needs is guidance, support, and encouragement because if the spirit is revealing to him what to carve, I believe it can also reveal to him how to build something that will benefit humanity.

28/01/2024

DR CONGO 2019
Inside the initiation enclosure the initiates wear thick raffia skirts and practice the many dances they have been taught by their ritual elders.

The Wino wa Akishi is a bottom swinging dance performed by initiates holding onto vines suspended from the top of the initiation camp fence. They are led by a man who wears a 3ft Raffia phallus which he gyrates rhythmically. To inspire the boys and as a symbol of their newly found manhood.

For Fine Art Prints, Exhibitions, Books and more about Carol Beckwith and Angela Fisher please visit
https://loom.ly/sEotfus

24/01/2024

Stoning udara tree is like stoning a pregnant woman....

Udara represent fertility in Igboland....that's why whenever you see yourself picking udara in your dream is either you conceive or someone close to you does..

Plucking udara is a taboo..... selling udara in the market is a bigger taboo.

Places like Achalla in Anambra State still retain it till today...they don't pluck nor sell it in there market.....

When it fells down by itself you pick and lick..

19/01/2024

One of the fascinating places I’ve been to is Mbándáká, home of the Dried Fish.
It is a city in Northwestern DRC, situated near the Congo River, and they have an entire market that sells all sorts of dried fish and other meat products. They are among the world’s experts at drying and smoking fish.

11/01/2024

HIMBA | NAMIBIA
“At the time of her marriage, a Himba bride is given a ceremonial headdress called ekori.This headdress is made of the softest hides, decorated with iron beads, and covered with ocher and butterfat. Around her neck the bride wears a torque of copper wire bound by leather and packed with ocher and mud. “
For Fine Art Prints, Exhibitions, Books and more about Carol Beckwith and Angela Fisher please visit
https://loom.ly/sEotfus

11/01/2024

Facts about Zulu People of South Africa. www.theafricanhistory.com

1. The Zulu people are the largest ethnic group in South Africa, primarily residing in the province of KwaZulu-Natal.

2. The Zulu language, isiZulu, is one of the 11 official languages of South Africa.

3. Renowned for their warrior tradition, the Zulus played a significant role in various historical conflicts, including the Anglo-Zulu War of 1879.

4. The Zulu monarchy, led by King Goodwill Zwelithini until his passing in 2021, holds cultural significance and plays a ceremonial role in modern South Africa.

5. Traditional Zulu society is organized into clans, each with its own chief and distinct identity.

6. Zulu traditional attire, including brightly colored beadwork, is a vibrant and integral aspect of their cultural expression.

7. Music and dance are fundamental to Zulu culture, with energetic and rhythmic performances often accompanying important ceremonies and celebrations.

8. The Zulu Reed Dance, an annual event, celebrates young women's coming of age and emphasizes cultural pride.

9. In rural areas, many Zulus maintain a connection to their ancestral beliefs and practices, incorporating rituals and ceremonies into their daily lives.

10. Zulu cuisine features staple foods like maize, with dishes such as "Umfino" (wild spinach and maize porridge) being common in their diet.

04/12/2023

The Basara women of Chad are known to have very long natural hair. They cover their hair in a homemade mixture that keeps their hair super moisturized which is the reason why they say their hair never breaks since childhood. The ingredients used are very specific to Chad and Sudan

22/10/2023

Our ancestors had a profound way of dealing with P.T.S.D. It was believed that after a war when a man had returned from war, before he could be accepted back into society. He had to live with a shaman for 3 months to do some spiritual cleansing.

It was said that after war, the human spirit was off balance and required to undergo some ritual in order to restore it back in harmony with nature and the community. A horn was used to draw out stagnant and dsyfunctional blood to the surface.

This is one of the ritual that was performed on the worriors to cleanse them of any mental illness and trauma that they might experience later on in life after the war.

This process was carried out by Africans long ago before it was allegedly deemed a Chinese invention. It was called "African suction cup," by the colonizers. This is one of the many practices that have been lost due to African s.lavery and colonization.

22/10/2023

Guyana 🇬🇾 a country in South America, the people(Black) are of African Ancestry specifically Senegal. 🇸🇳

Guyana is a diverse country on the mainland of South America often also considered part of the Caribbean community. Guyana is often referred to as an African country due to its large population of decedents from African countries.

Afro-Guyanese people are generally descendant of Africa brought to Guyana from the coast of West Africa to work on sugar plantations during the era of the Atlantic slàve trade. The date of the first arrival of enslàved Africans in Guyana is not known, but it is believed the first group were brought by Dutch settlers who migrated from Tobago from as early as the mid-seventeenth century.

The majority of the population of Guyana is of African (29.2 per cent), mixed heritage (19.9 per cent) and East Indian (39.9 per cent) descent (2012 Census), with Indo-Guyanese being the dominant group. The rest of the population is of European, Chinese or indigenous origin.

Guyana is the only country in South America with English as the official language. Guyana gained independence in 1966. Although English is the official language, most Guyanese have Guyanese Creole as a first language.

📸 Mama Africa

22/10/2023

The Moorish rulers lived in sumptuous palaces, while the monarchs of Germany, France, and England dwelt in big barns, with no windows and no chimneys, and with only a hole in the roof for the exit of smoke.

One such Moorish palace ‘Alhambra’ (literally “the red one”) in Granada is one of Spain’s architectural masterpieces. Alhambra was the seat of Muslim rulers from the 13th century to the end of the 15th century. The Alhambra is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

It was through Africa that the new knowledge of China, India, and Arabia reached Europe. The Moors brought the Compass from China into Europe. The Moors ruled and occupied Lisbon (named “Lashbuna” by the Moors) and the rest of the country until well into the twelfth century.

They were finally defeated & driven out by the forces of King Alfonso Henriques. The scene of this battle was the Castelo de Sao Jorge or the ‘Castle of St. George.’
Their material history/culture can be found by reading the Roman historian Cornelius Tacitus.

22/10/2023

African Moors who introduced learning and civilization into Spain and Europe.
_
The Moors began invading Spain around 711 AD when an African army, under leader Tariq ibn-Ziyad, crossed the Strait of Gibraltar from North Africa invading the Iberian peninsula ‘Andalus’ (Spain under Visigoths).

Tarik Ibn Zayid led 300 Arabs and 6700 Africans around today Senegal in conquering Spain around 700 A.D. A European scholar sympathetic to the Spaniards remembered the conquest in this way:

“[The reins of their (Moors) horses were as fire, their faces black as pitch, their eyes shone like burning candles, their horses were swift as leopards and the riders fiercer than a wolf in a sheepfold at night.. The noble Goths [the German rulers of Spain to whom Roderick belonged] were broken in an hour, quicker than tongue can tell. Oh luckless Spain!

(Quoted in Edward Scobie, The Moors and Portugal's Global Expansion, in Golden Age of the Moor, ed Ivan Van Sertima, US,
Transaction Publishers, 1992, p.336)

And second from Alfonso X description.

“There is really no need to speculate on the ethnicity of these early invaders of the conquest period. Primary Christian sources relating to the conquest, particularly the Primera Cronica General of Alfonso X, make the following observation on the Moors: "Their faces were as black as pitch, the handsomest amongst them was as black as a cooking pot.”

The Moors, who ruled Spain for 800 yrs, introduced new scientific techniques to Europe, i.e astrolabe, a device for measuring the position of the stars and planets. Scientific progress in Astronomy, Chemistry, Physics, Maths, Geography and Philosophy flourished in Moorish Spain.

Basil Davidson, a noted historians recognized and declared that there were no lands at that time (the eighth century) “more admired by its neighbours, or more comfortable to live in, than a rich African civilization which took shape in Spain” At its height, Córdova, the heart of Moorish territory in Spain, was the most modern city in Europe. The streets were well-paved, with raised sidewalks for pedestrians. During the night, ten miles of streets were well illuminated by lamps.

(This was hundreds of years before there was a paved street in Paris or a street lamp in London.) Cordova had 900 public baths – we are told that a poor Moor would go without bread rather than soap!

The Great Mosque of Córdoba (La Mezquita) is still one of the architectural wonders of the world in spite of later Spanish disfigurements. Its low scarlet and gold roof, jasper and porphyry, was lit by thousands of brass and silver lamps which burned perfumed oil.

Education was universal in Moorish Spain, available to all, while in Christian Europe ninety-nine percent of the population were illiterate, and even kings could neither read nor write. At that time, Europe had only two universities, the Moors had seventeen great universities.

These universities were located in Almeria, Cordova, Granada, Juen, Malaga, Seville, and Toledo.

In the 10th and 11th centuries, public libraries in Europe were non-existent, while Moorish Spain boasted of more than 70, of which the one in Cordova housed 600,000 manuscripts.
The most significant Moorish musician was known as Ziryab (the Blackbird) who arrived in Spain in 822. The Moors introduced earliest versions of several instruments, including the Lute or el oud, the guitar or kithara and the Lyre. They brought medicine.

Ziryab changed the style of eating by breaking meals into separate courses beginning with soup and ending with desserts. The Moors introduced paper to Europe and Arabic numerals, which replaced the clumsy Roman system.

The Moors introduced many new crops including the orange, lemon, peach, apricot, fig, sugar cane, dates, ginger and pomegranate as well as saffron, sugar cane, cotton, silk and rice which remain some of Spain’s main products today.

18/10/2023

👉Up Next: IGBO ancient Musical instruments and their uses.

4)UDU
Do you kwow that in those days in igbo land the UDU was used as a safe??? Hahaha, fascinating how things has changed 🤣. The UDU( Pottery-drum) functions primarily by Producing BASS.
PLEASE REPOST TO PROMOTE THE CULTURE.🙌🙌.
HOW IT WORKS

he UDU is a sphere shape made of clay, with a hollow inside and a small round open mouth. This fragile ancient Musical instruments will continue to serve as the best source of musical BASS until today.
Like earlier stated this instrument can also be used to store palm oil, store water and preserve produce.
This ancient instrument is still seen today in some part of igbo land.

Have you seen the UDU before?
See other ancient igbo Musical instruments on my timeline...
Repost this to Educate others.

15/10/2023

👉NEW SERIES: IGBO ANCIENT MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS and their uses.
(1)IKORO
The IKOLO is an igbo musical instrument used for communication. Whenever the sound is heard,people head to the Villiage square. REPOST THIS👇 to educate others! Heard either when there is MURDER, CALAMITY, LAND HAS BEEN DEFILED, INFORM PEOPLE ABOUT WAR or share a vital INFORMATION. The IKORO is almost similar to a talking drum, and looks very closely like EKWE but the EKWE is smaller in size…
The IKORO is an ancient Igbo musical instrument.

07/10/2023

...........ABORTION...........

Abortion is a sacrilege in Igbo spirituality (Odinani)...We believe in re-incarnation...once you abort a baby you have authomatically cut short life of an Ancestor that's coming back to life...As Onye Gboo (ancient one), you don't live anyhow life...We have Nsọ Ani..
Iwu Ani and Nto Ani.. you must abide in this three principles of Igbo spirituality...You don't do things because you feel you can do it....You do things becos it is right in the face of human and spirit...Now listen...When you abort a baby or give out money for abortion you have committed a murder...your hand is already soiled in blood..You must go and appease the goddess of fertility in Igbo cosmology called (Akwali/Oda/Ekwe Omumu)..That goddess is the most ruthless goddess in igboland....the way a hen fight anyone that comes to touch her child fiercely is the same way Akwali omumu punishes whosever that kills her child through abortion....

The picture below shows the temple of Akwali omumu in igboland..this is how the temple of Akwali omumu looks...Udara tree normally stand beside her... reason we don't pluck udara nor sell udara in the market because udara represent baby in Igbo cosmology...Any woman that's praying for fruit of the womb and pick udara in her dream...Baby is coming...She will conceive...Now listen....if your family Akwali omumu Temple was burnt down the male children in that family will pass through lots of pains. fertility issues...short life and financial issues..Her primary responsibilities in our family is procreation...long life and wealth creation that's the the three work of that goddess...Our Ancestors installed them in our family for that purpose...You that did abortion...you will see set back.... suffering... fertility issues...delay in marriage.... financial mess....failed business deals...she will make sure she wrecks you for killing her child unless you go for atonement and her anger will calm......You might be living fine today until the very day she remembers you..the way you will fall from Grace to grass you would be asking so village people finally remembered me..My brother and sister no be village people...Na Ometalu... something you brought upon yourself because of few minutes enjoyment......Some people will not serve the punishment in this present life... some will serve theirs in the next re-incarnation... Akwali omumu never forget.

Go and atone for that atrocity...
Your chi has no power over Akwali...When your chi is working for you akwali will be blocking road and if they take the case to Obi Chukwu... Akwali will definitely win...so go and atone for that atrocity so that your chi will not have external forces stopping him/her from working for your own good.

28/09/2023

ETỌCHỊ EBA— The Water Oracle: An Anthropological and Ethnographical Study of Aba Ụnọ People

Aba Ụnọ is a beautiful community operating a monarchical system of leadership and as well as ụmụnna system. It is a town situated at Anịọcha South Local Government Area of Delta State. From Asaba, you will pass Igboụzọ and Ọgwashị-Uku before the Aba Ụnọ.

Just as every other Igbo towns written by the English man, the town is written as Abah Unor. But for the purpose of linguistic correction of Igbo towns which I, Maazị Ogbonnaya is an advocate of, I am writing it following the Igbo alphabetical rules.

Aba Ụnọ is a flat level soil with no hilly environment. A peaceful place with people full of hospitality. They love strangers. Aba Ụnọ people loved sanitation. They lived a neat life.

In the past, in every Eke and Afọ market days, everyone was obligated to sweep the community. Anyone who failed to do so must be fined. You could see through the next quarters because everywhere was neat. Mothers would remind their children to keep the community clean. It was their culture and part of their identity.

Aba Ụnọ people never killed one another. It was a taboo for a blood of a brother to drop on the soil. They lived a communal life. Ate together and loved one another. No one was afraid of being killed or being poisoned by his own kinsman. They have a communal large expanse of land.

The people of Aba Ụnọ are predominantly Igbo. Their day-to-day language of communication is Igbo. Their culture and world prism is Igbo.

80 year old man I interviewed almost changed it for me when I asked him whether he's Igbo or not. He picked an offence. How can I be asking nwa afọ that kind of question? It was actually a research and psychological one at that owing to the fact that some people from Anịọma are claiming Edo ancestry. I wanted to find out from older people their opinion towards that.

Igboụzọ migrated from Isuama area, which comprises places as Amaigbo, Ọlụ (Orlu), Ihiala, etc. Igboụzọ is just a few minutes away from Ọgwashị-Uku and then Aba Ụnọ.

Aba Ụnọ people had "ọgbaidu". It looked like an elephant tusk. Once it is blown, everyone must gather together.

ETỌCHỊ EBA: The Water Oracle

Aba Ụnọ has a river called Etọchị Eba. This river is a source of life for the community. There is an oracle in this river called Etọchị Eba. It's believed that if anyone hurts you or persecute you, just go to the river and pray, whatever you wish for must be fullfilled. It's there for justice and doesn't hurt someone whose hands are clean.

Anyone whose hands have been soiled with blood cannot enter here as the oracle forbids blood. Even goats offered to it as sacrifice cannot be killed. Just throw them into the river, you will see the goats walking out of the river and hang around it. The same thing as chickens. Pictures attached on this post are the chickens around the water. They belong to the oracle. You dare not kill or hurt any. They don't also go into the community. Just within the water and forest around it you will see them.

Goats and chickens sacrificed to the oracle cannot be killed. After offering some prayers, throw them into the river. They cannot be drowned. What will happen is, the goat will come out and follow you. Getting to the boundary of the forest and the community, the goat will reverse and goes into the forest belonging to the oracle. It shows acceptance. The goats will wander in the forest. Nobody will kill them nor kill any fowl found in that forest surrounding the Etọchị Eba. They will multiply, wander in the forest until they die naturally.

You don't kill any fish in this river. You dare not. Those fishes are not called fishes or azụ but Ụmụ Etọchị. Children of Etọchị. If any of them is mistakenly hurt, villagers when I interviewed them said that big python will surround the river and no one escapes until something is done about it. The biggest python will cry.

14/09/2023

Back in the days in Ijaw land, an elderly spinster who is passed child bearing age can use her own money and go to Igbo land, marry a young maiden and bring her to her brother, any children produced between her brother and the maiden is her's and not her brother's.The children will even bear her name as their surnames

07/09/2023

The Story of Amadioha – The Igbo God of Thunder.

Amadioha (also known as Kamalu) is a major Igbo God and is considered the God of Thunder. He is arguably the most popular Igbo Deity, among all the Gods in Igbo cosmology.

Amadioha’s life was full of adventures, from his battle with a lion at the age of 6 and leading the Battle of Isikwuato, which involved the people of Ndi-Okoroukwu, Isiagu, and Ihube. This was also known as the Defeat at Okigwe. He led the battle at the age of 17, draped in his dada hair and hairy chest. It was during this war that Urashi, his friend of many years, was killed. The murder of Urashi was orchestrated by Ugwu, the God of Pride, who was later struck dead at night by Amadioha, out of anger and vengeance for the murder of Urashi.

The Igbo sacred text, Isi Mbido, was destroyed in Enugwu, on one of the hills, by one of the monarchs of Legge, who tried to bury the text in Nsukka. Once again, Amadioha led a battle to retrieve the text, and ended up, killing the monarch.

Amadioha was quick to anger.

For him, Isi Mbido represented so many things. Today, the text, written in logographic format, was stolen by invaders and smuggled to Ikot-Ekpene and when Amadioha found out, he led another war to the raffia city and destroyed the city. He captured the Isi Mbido, which he took back to Uturu, where victory was celebrated.

The most important text of the Igbos is Isi Mbido, the sacred collection of texts, detailing the Creation of the Igbo by Eluigwe, where Amadioha’s father, Nka, had been created from the taproot of an oji tree. The text, which is today lost, described the Supreme Being, Eluigwe, the Universe, Chukwuabiama, and the creator of the universe, Orisa.

The most ancient tales of Amadioha involve his adventures with the water spirits, the three-headed lions that he killed, the Battle at Isikwuato, the War at Okigwe, the Conquest of Ikot-Ekpene, the Battle of Mbano, the marriage of Amadioha and Uhammiri, the death of Urashi, the Murder of Ugwu and many other incredibly colored narratives, whilst later, stories accumulated over the centuries which describe his eventful youth when Amadioha used his proficient weapons skills to goo