Observer Times

21/12/2024

JUDGE: INTERNATIONAL PRINCIPALS AND ACCOUNTABILITY

Every State has the duty to put in place the necessary safeguards so that judges can decide cases in an independent manner. The independence of the judiciary must be upheld by refraining from interfering in its work and by complying with its rulings. The judiciary must be independent as an institution and individual judges must enjoy personal independence within the judiciary and in relation to other institutions.

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https://observertimes.in/index.php/2023/05/15/judge-international-principals-and-accountability/

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21/12/2024

THE ROLE OF DOMESTIC SHELL COMPANIES AND OFF SHORE FINANCIAL CENTRES IN FINANCIAL CRIMES

We discussed the benefits and evils of Off Shore Financial Services (OFCs) for the society and economy. There are ample evidences for the manifold contributions of such financial hubs in the development of global economy. The flip-side is the rare misuse of the facilities by a few unscrupulous business entities. The major allegation of ‘financial secrecy practices’ followed by the OFCs is exaggerated accusation. Sovereigns like USA, UK, Hong Kong, Switzerland, and Singapore are all having certain level of financial secrecy, minimal regulations, and preferential tax structures for the non-residents. The abuse of rules can be curtailed by strict enforcement of regulations and enhanced vigilance. Initiatives taken by organisations like Organization For Economic Cooperation And Development(OECD) and Financial Action Task Force (FATF) are helping to a large extent to minimise the abuse of offshore financial hubs.

Albeit the Adani Group of companies has issued several statements in response to the Hindenburg report, denying the allegations and defending its business practices, but failed to adhere to plausible evidence to the allegation raised by one of the opposition party leaders Rahul Gandhi of Indian National Congress party who’s statement questioned as “There is a very simple thing. Who owns the ₹20,000 crores in Adani’s shell companies? It is ‘Benami’. Who owns it”

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https://observertimes.in/index.php/2023/05/15/the-role-of-domestic-shell-companies-and-off-shore-financial-centres-in-financial-crimes/

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Ashvin Vijay Barshinge,
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21/12/2024

THE CHALLENGE OF NATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY AND MULTILATERAL RESPONSES IN AN ERA OF GLOBALIZATION

Globalization is an unstoppable phenomenon, presenting opportunities to those who are prepared and threats to those who are not. It is not easy for countries to manage globalization for their own benefit. Regional cooperation through which the countries look beyond their borders to tap and leverage other’s strengths could be an effective approach in this endeavour.

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https://observertimes.in/index.php/2023/08/15/the-challenge-of-national-economic-policy-and-multilateral-responses-in-an-era-of-globalization/

Written & Published by,
Ashvin Vijay Barshinge,
Founder, CMD & Managing Editor,
observertimes.in
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21/12/2024

SAFETY STANDARDS AND CERTIFICATION FOR ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN ROBOTICS

Much of the proposed regulation around Artificial Intelligence(AI) – such as the European Commission’s ‘Proposal for a Regulation on a European approach for Artificial Intelligence’ – is focused on ensuring fairness and ‘explainability’ in Artificial Intelligence(AI) algorithms.
Robots are not currently used in situations that involve bias. The main concerns for robot manufacturers and users when it comes to Artificial Intelligence(AI) are safety and certification. Additionally, robot manufacturers using vision systems must be able to ensure that any data transferred from the vision system does not contravene data privacy laws. For example, by enabling the identification of a specific individual.

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https://observertimes.in/index.php/2023/08/15/safety-standards-and-certification-for-artificial-intelligence-in-robotics/

Written & Published by,
Ashvin Vijay Barshinge,
Founder, CMD & Managing Editor,
observertimes.in
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21/12/2024

THE GLOBALISATION OF PUBLIC HEALTH AND GLOBAL HEALTH GOVERNANCE

It is widely recognized that current system of global health governance is insufficient to meet the wide range of challenges and opportunities brought by globalization. It is also increasingly understood that one necessary means of effective global health governance is a global health legal system, and that establishing such a system will require innovations in international law—of its existing rules, institutional mechanisms and forms of collaboration.

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https://observertimes.in/index.php/2023/08/15/the-globalisation-of-public-health-and-global-health-governance/

Written & Published by,
Ashvin Vijay Barshinge,
Founder, CMD & Managing Editor,
observertimes.in
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21/12/2024

ROLE OF LAWS AND POLICIES FOR ADDRESSING THE UNIQUE HUMAN AND BIO-GEOGRAPHICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MOUNTAIN AREAS

Participants in the Mountain Forum's electronic conference on "Mountain Policy and Law" indicated that the most promising initiatives are those in which national governments defer to local communities in setting up and executing environmental and developmental projects. Quite often local populations have developed their knowledge of mountain ecosystems over long periods of time; much of this knowledge is a priceless intellectual resource. The participants largely agreed that the role of central governments should be to recognize the value of local knowledge and encourage, facilitate, support and help coordinate local initiatives by mountain peoples.

It also reflects a conviction that all humans, by virtue of being human as well as being citizens, have a fundamental right to participate in official decisions and policies that directly impact on their lives and livelihoods.

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https://observertimes.in/index.php/2023/08/15/role-of-laws-and-policies-for-addressing-the-unique-human-and-bio-geographical-characteristics-of-mountain-areas/

Written & Published by,
Ashvin Vijay Barshinge,
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observertimes.in
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21/12/2024

THE INEVITABLE SPACE MILITARISATION NOT WEAPONISATION

A distinction must be made between “militarisation of space” and the “weaponisation of space”. These terms are sometimes used as if they were interchangeable, but they are not. While there are no specifically deployed weapons in space yet, there are satellites that could be manoeuvred to act as weapons to disable or destroy the space assets of others. Therefore, when considering questions of space security, it must be recognised that though space has not yet been specifically weaponised, it is already heavily militarised.

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https://observertimes.in/index.php/2023/08/15/the-inevitable-space-militarisation-not-weaponisation/

Written & Published by,
Ashvin Vijay Barshinge,
Founder, CMD & Managing Editor,
observertimes.in
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21/12/2024

FAKE NEWS OR TRUE LIES?: REFLECTION ABOUT PROBLEMATIC CONTENT

One of the main drivers of problematic information sharing on social media is confirmation bias i.e. the individuals’ tendency to select only information consistent with their vision of the world. Some people choose their personal truth or rely on their own authorities, preferring to hold on inaccurate beliefs. Consequently, people may keep on sharing problematic information even if it is known as false as they “care more about the point of view being advocated than the legitimacy of the content”.

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https://observertimes.in/index.php/2023/11/15/fake-news-or-true-lies-reflection-about-problematic-content/

Written & Published by,
Ashvin Vijay Barshinge,
Founder, CMD & Managing Editor,
observertimes.in

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21/12/2024

DISAPPEARING STATES, STATELESSNESS AND RELOCATION

According to international law, a state can be dissolved by absorption (by another state), through merger (with another state) and dissolution (with the emergence of successor states). Moreover, a state has never ceased to exist due to disappearance. Due to this unprecedented situation, there is no manual for handling a potential disappearance of a state.

Alike a state losing its status and international recognition, citizens of a state also lose their status when the state disappears. Since aliens do not enjoy the same rights as citizens, it is crucial to make sure that nationals of a sinking state do not become stateless.

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https://observertimes.in/index.php/2023/11/15/disappearing-states-statelessness-and-relocation/

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Ashvin Vijay Barshinge,
Founder, CMD & Managing Editor,
observertimes.in
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21/12/2024

WORLD CONFLICTS: CHANGING NATURE OF WARFARE

In the last few decades, the enormous destructive power of strong conventional and nuclear capabilities has resulted in weaker states and non- state groups adopting sub-conventional and irregular means to achieve their political objectives. Conventional conflict is increasingly intertwined with sub-conventional conflict, with irregular forces using unconventional means and tactics. The irregular forces are becoming increasingly lethal, with access to technology and equipment that previously only conventional state forces could afford.

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https://observertimes.in/index.php/2023/11/15/world-conflicts-changing-nature-of-warfare/

Written & Published by,
Ashvin Vijay Barshinge,
Founder, CMD & Managing Editor,
observertimes.in
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21/12/2024

HUMANITARIAN GOVERNANCE CHALLENGES FOR HUMANITARIAN AID AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT

The High-Intensity Conflict(HIC) scenario present a set of specific challenges for humanitarian aid providers and disaster responders. The most obvious include insecurity, reduced access, or the difficulties of reaching people in need. On top of those, high levels of bureaucracy, complex logistics, and corruption are also commonly present in High-Intensity Conflict(HIC). As a result of these challenges "UN agencies and International Non-Governmental Organization (INGOS) are increasingly absent from field locations, especially when there is any kind of significant security or logistical issues".

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https://observertimes.in/index.php/2023/11/15/humanitarian-governance-challenges-for-humanitarian-aid-and-disaster-management/

Written & Published by,
Ashvin Vijay Barshinge,
Founder, CMD & Managing Editor,
observertimes.in
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21/12/2024

SPACE TOURISM: PROBLEMS, LIMITATION AND POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS

One of the major safety concerns for space travel, perhaps surprisingly, has to do with the space debris that we have created since the 1960s. Nicholas Johnson, chief scientist at NASA’s Orbital Debris Program Office, stated that orbiting space debris has increased linearly since the 1960s, even with the technological advances that decreased the amount of debris left in each space flight. Currently, it is estimated that there are approximately 30,000 plus items of junk bigger than 10cm in diameter orbiting around the Earth, at speeds higher than 465m/sec. Because of such high travelling speeds of space debris, even pieces smaller than 10cm can pe*****te and damage most spacecraft or spacesuits. In fact, NASA has calculated that a 10cm-long piece of space debris can cause as much damage as 25 sticks of dynamite.

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https://observertimes.in/index.php/2023/11/15/space-tourism-problems-limitation-and-possible-solutions/

Written & Published by,
Ashvin Vijay Barshinge,
Founder, CMD & Managing Editor,
observertimes.in
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21/12/2024

THE WEAPONIZATION OF OUTER SPACE: HARNESSING INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION

Some debate felt as though the United States has left a gap in global leadership in space by stepping away from a leadership role and refusing to support efforts such as the proposed International Code of Conduct on Space Activities (ICoC), an EU-led project, and the proposed Treaty on the Prevention of the Placement of Weapons in Outer Space, (PPWT) a joint proposal by China and Russia. The International Code of Conduct on Space Activities (ICoC) went through several iterations, culminating in a meeting hosted by the United Nations(UN) in 2015, but it was stymied because of critique of the Euro-centric process and the United States’ refusal to support it based on the code’s perceived restrictiveness. The Prevention of the Placement of Weapons in Outer Space (PPWT) has mixed international support, but the United States has long refused to support it because it is argued there is insufficient definition of a “weapon” in the proposed treaty and no verification mechanisms. One observation remarked that the United States may be hesitant to enter discussions over the Prevention of the Placement of Weapons in Outer Space (PPWT) for fear of limiting its own behaviour.

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https://observertimes.in/index.php/2024/02/15/the-weaponization-of-outer-space-harnessing-international-cooperation/

Written & Published by,
Ashvin Vijay Barshinge,
Founder, CMD & Managing Editor,
observertimes.in
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21/12/2024

FOUR CONVENTIONS IN THE WORLD OF GLOBAL HEALTH: SURVIVAL , FAIRNESS , PRODUCTION AND SPIRIT

To justify policies, allocate resources, and assign different roles in the field of global health, the participating actors and institutions refer to a plural yet limited set of conventions. Their specific characteristics echo elements of the conventions that researchers identified in their studies of western culture, even if they are not identical with them. Elements from the spheres of international security, development, and medical discourses have given rise to distinct conventions in the world of global health. Yet, their basic structure as conventions, or “orders of worth,”: Each of them refers to different conceptions of the common good, as well as distinct institutions and devices for assigning moral worth. We distinguish four major orders of worth that global health actors regularly invoke in the global health field: the orders of survival, order of fairness, order of production, and a domestic, spiritual order.

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https://observertimes.in/index.php/2024/02/15/four-conventions-in-the-world-of-global-health-survival-fairness-production-and-spirit/

Written & Published by,
Ashvin Vijay Barshinge,
Founder, CMD & Managing Editor,
observertimes.in
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21/12/2024

BENEFITS AND CHALLENGES OF USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE(AI) IN RECRUITMENT

It was discussed during the consultations that several organizations consider that they want to use Artificial Intelligence (AI), but they do not necessarily know why and how to use it. It can be the case that the organization does not necessarily need the speed or quality brought by AI or the organization might not even have the technical team to implement AI. An important aspect of using AI in the recruitment process is to consider how well AI can understand the company’s values and whether AI completely understands what kinds of job candidates the company is looking for. This comes to the concept of biased machine learning and to the Amazon case example that was brought up by three interviewed professionals. It was discussed that there is a danger of biased machine learning as was in the case of Amazon in 2015, when the company uncovered that their new recruiting engine favoured men when it came to rating candidates for software developer positions and this AI recruiting tool showed biases against women. According to one of the professionals, an area where AI might have difficulties in understanding cultural barriers since terminology varies between cultures and nations. Hence one of the most fundamental challenges of using AI in recruitment that was discussed during the interview is how to train people to train machines in order to avoid biases.

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https://observertimes.in/index.php/2024/02/15/benefits-and-challenges-of-using-artificial-intelligence-ai-in-recruitment/

Written & Published by,
Ashvin Vijay Barshinge,
Founder, CMD & Managing Editor,
observertimes.in
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21/12/2024

ADOLESCENT: TECHNOLOGY USES AND GRATIFICATION THEORY

In fact, studies have pointed to the potential compensatory benefits online emotional support may serve, especially among vulnerable youth. For example, the researchers tested longitudinal associations between mental health symptoms and time spent communicating on the internet (versus non-communication purposes). Results showed that, for youth with low levels of offline social support, use of the online space for communication purposes predicted fewer depressive symptoms. Thus, the online space may serve as a supportive respite for youth with fewer offline resources. Similarly, in other research, it was found that youth high in social anxiety reported using the internet more often than their less anxious counterparts for the purpose of alleviating feelings of loneliness.

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https://observertimes.in/index.php/2024/02/15/adolescent-technology-uses-and-gratification-theory/

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Ashvin Vijay Barshinge,
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observertimes.in
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20/12/2024

Security Council(20th Dec 2024, 15.00 pm NY Time)

Security Council meeting: The situation in the Middle East

Live:

https://webtv.un.org/en/asset/k10/k10xfs6ot4

Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Disengagement Observer Force (S/2024/875)

20/12/2024

Press Conference(20th Dec 2024, 12.00 pm New York Time)

Hybrid Noon Briefing by the Spokesperson for the Secretary-General

Live:

https://webtv.un.org/en/asset/k13/k130f5oa8u

Daily Press Briefing by the Spokesperson of the Secretary-General