09/11/2025
Interesting read! She inspired Nietzsche, Rilke, Freud, she was loved and respected, she refused and rejected… and she outlived them all too 😅
She rejected Nietzsche twice and he had a breakdown.
She seduced Rilke and made him a poet.
Then she became Freud's colleague.
All while "married."
Rome, 1882. Lou Salomé was 21 years old and the most dangerous woman in Europe.
Not dangerous with beauty—though she was striking. Not dangerous with money or power—she had neither.
Dangerous because she was brilliant, unconventional, and absolutely refused to belong to any man.
Friedrich Nietzsche, 38-year-old philosopher, fell in love with her immediately.
So did his friend Paul Rée, 33-year-old philosopher.
Lou's solution? A ménage à trois.
Not sexual—intellectual. She proposed the three of them live together in a "free community of minds." Three philosophers sharing ideas, books, conversation. No marriage. No ownership. Just pure intellectual companionship.
To prove she was serious, Lou arranged a photograph: her sitting in a cart, holding a whip, with Nietzsche and Rée harnessed like horses pulling her.
The photo scandalized Europe. A young woman with a whip, controlling two of the most brilliant men alive?
But the experiment failed.
Because both men were in love with her. And Nietzsche couldn't handle rejection.
He proposed marriage. She said no.
He proposed again. She said no again.
Nietzsche wrote to her: "I want you to marry me." Then: "I need you." Then finally, desperately: "I am going insane."
He wasn't exaggerating.
After Lou's final rejection, Nietzsche had a nervous breakdown.
He retreated to the Alps, broke off friendships, plunged into depression. Within a year, he wrote Thus Spoke Zarathustra—his masterpiece, born from the pain of losing Lou.
Later, when Nietzsche went completely insane (likely from syphilis), some blamed Lou. "She broke him," they said. "She drove him mad."
Lou didn't care what they said.
She had already moved on.
Berlin, 1887. Lou married Friedrich Carl Andreas.
But it was the strangest marriage in Europe.
Andreas was a scholar of Persian languages—brilliant, but not her intellectual equal. He proposed. She said no. He threatened su***de, literally held a knife to his chest.
Lou, exasperated, agreed to marry him on one condition:
The marriage would never be consummated.
They would live separately. She would keep her independence. He could call her his wife, but she would never truly be "his."
Andreas agreed. They married. And for 43 years, until his death in 1930, they maintained this bizarre arrangement: legally married, living in separate apartments, each having affairs, but technically "together."
Meanwhile, Lou was building the life she actually wanted.
She wrote novels, essays, philosophical treatises. She became one of the few women publishing serious intellectual work in the 1890s.
And then, in 1897, she met a 22-year-old poet named Rainer Maria Rilke.
Lou was 36. Rilke was 22. She was married. He was unknown.
They began an affair that would last a decade and shape Rilke into one of the greatest poets of the 20th century.
Lou was the dominant force in the relationship. She taught him. Criticized his writing. Pushed him to be better. Changed his name (he was born René; she insisted on Rainer because it sounded more masculine).
They traveled to Russia together—twice. She introduced him to Russian literature, to Orthodox spirituality, to the vast landscapes that would inspire his later poetry.
Rilke worshipped her. Called her his "teacher" and "master." Wrote her hundreds of letters filled with desperate devotion.
But Lou wouldn't let him get too close. She controlled the relationship completely. When he became too needy, too dependent, she ended it.
Rilke was devastated. He wrote about her for the rest of his life.
His most famous works—The Duino Elegies, Letters to a Young Poet—were influenced by Lou's teachings. She made him a poet. Then discarded him when he served his purpose.
Cold? Maybe. But Lou had never promised to be warm.
Then in 1911, at age 50, Lou discovered psychoanalysis.
She attended lectures by Sigmund Freud. And Freud, meeting this brilliant, unconventional woman, recognized a kindred spirit.
Most women in psychoanalysis were patients or assistants. Lou became Freud's colleague.
She trained as a psychoanalyst. Opened her own practice. Published papers on sexuality, religion, narcissism. She was one of the first women in the field—and one of the most respected.
But Lou didn't just follow Freud. She challenged him.
Freud's theories were male-centered. He saw women as incomplete men, driven by "p***s envy."
Lou said no. She wrote about female sexuality from a female perspective—arguing that women's psychology was fundamentally different from men's, not inferior.
This was 1916. Women couldn't vote. Were considered hysterical if they expressed sexual desire. And Lou was writing about female or**sm, about women's erotic autonomy, about sexuality divorced from reproduction.
Freud respected her for it.
They corresponded for decades. He called her "irreplaceable." When Lou disagreed with him, he listened—something he rarely did with male colleagues.
She attended psychoanalytic conferences, treated patients, published extensively. At age 50, she'd become what she'd always wanted: an intellectual equal to the greatest minds in Europe.
So let's recap Lou Andreas-Salomé's life:
• Rejected Nietzsche (twice), causing his breakdown
• Married a man but refused to consummate the marriage
• Lived separately from her "husband" for 43 years
• Had a decade-long affair with Rilke (14 years younger)
• Shaped him into a great poet, then dumped him
• Became Freud's colleague and challenged his theories
• Wrote about female sexuality in the 1910s
• Lived independently, intellectually, unapologetically
She died in 1937 at age 76.
Having outlived Nietzsche (died 1900), Rilke (died 1926), Freud (died 1939, two years after her), and her husband Andreas (died 1930).
She never had children. Never had a conventional marriage. Never lived the life society expected of her.
And she didn't care.
Here's why Lou Andreas-Salomé's story matters:
Because she proved that women didn't need to choose between intellect and love, between career and relationships, between independence and connection.
She had it all—on her terms.
She rejected marriage until she found one that didn't require her submission.
She loved men—Nietzsche, Rée, Rilke, others—but never let love consume her identity.
She entered male-dominated fields—philosophy, literature, psychoanalysis—and forced them to accept her as an equal.
Critics called her cruel. Manipulative. A "man-eater."
They said she used men—flirted with Nietzsche to gain access to intellectual circles, used Rilke for companionship, exploited her marriage for social respectability while living however she wanted.
Maybe they were right.
Or maybe she just refused to play by rules that were designed to limit her.
Lou Andreas-Salomé: Born February 12, 1861. Died February 5, 1937.
Rejected Nietzsche and he wrote his masterpiece.
Loved Rilke and he became a legendary poet.
Challenged Freud and he respected her for it.
Married a man and never slept with him.
Lived 76 years entirely on her own terms.
Never apologized.
Never explained.
Never belonged to anyone.
The woman with the whip in that infamous 1882 photo?
That wasn't a joke.
That was a promise.
She would control her own life. Drive her own cart. Crack her own whip.
And if brilliant men wanted to follow?
They'd have to accept her terms.
Or break their hearts trying.
Nietzsche broke.
Rilke broke.
Andreas compromised.
Freud respected.
And Lou? She kept moving forward.
Still remembered. Still controversial. Still refusing to be anything but herself.
The most dangerous woman in Europe.
Because she dared to be free.
