21/06/2024
Essay on the nature of spiritual communication, referring to the conversation between Vidura & Dhṛtarāṣṭra. According to the Bhakti-Vaibhava curriculum we will discuss two principles from the episodes of Vidura, with the Pāṇḍavas and Dhṛtarāṣṭra.
Śrīla Prabhupada writes in the purport (ŚB 1.13.13):
“For a compassionate soul like Vidura, especially in his dealings with the beloved Pāṇḍavas, it was almost impossible to disclose an unpalatable piece of news like the annihilation of the Yadu dynasty. Therefore he purposely refrained from it.”
This incident shows that the truth should always be presented compassionately according to time, place and person. Śrīla Prabhupāda writes in Bhagavad-Gītā (10.4-5):
“The truth (satyam) should be spoken in a straightforward way, so that others will understand actually what the facts are. If a man is a thief and if people are warned that he is a thief, that is truth. Although sometimes the truth is unpalatable, one should not refrain from speaking it. Truthfulness demands that the facts be presented as they are for the benefit of others. That is the definition of truth.”
For the benefit of the assembled devotees Vidura spared the news, simply to maintain peace of mind. One might argue that the benefit would have been there when the full news were propagated, but according to time, place & circumstance that may not apply.
“One should not speak in such a way as to agitate the minds of others[...]One should at once quote from scriptural authority to back up what he is saying. At the same time, such talk should be very pleasurable to the ear.” (BG. 17.15 pp)
Vidura was compassionate with the Pāṇḍavas and thus hid the truth in favour for keeping peace. News are not backed up by śastra, and maybe unpleasant to hear.
Even though Śrīla Prabhupāda states that a brahmana must disclose the plain truth, Vidura kept quiet. In a lecture 1974 in Geneva he explains the incident further:
“He did not describe because he did not like also to see that Pāṇḍavas would be sorry. He went back to his home after so many years, and they were receiving them, and at that time Vidura did not like to see them aggrieved on account of this incidence.”
One can conclude that it was a matter of etiquette according to time, place & circumstance, and that Vidura knew how to withdraw his speech, as a perfect renunciant.
Principally, one must learn to judge according to time, place and person what kind of words to use. One must definitely know when to be silent. This is the art of compassionately speaking the truth, which is exemplified by Vidura.
On the other hand, he also knew how to perfectly use words as a cutting tool, to detach Dhṛtarāṣṭra from the state affair, kingdom and family. In the following incident (SB 1.13.18-23) Vidura preaches to his brother, also compassionately, in order to free him for the latter stages of life.
Dhṛtarāṣṭra is herein addressed as a kṛpaṇa, a miserly person. Vidura openly feels sorry for him. Śrīla Prabhupāda writes in the purport ŚB 1.13.25:
“The kṛpaṇa, having a wrong estimation of his material body, wants to enjoy sense gratification with his utmost strength, and even in old age he wants to become a young man by medical treatment or otherwise. Dhṛtarāṣṭra is addressed herein as a kṛpaṇa because without any estimation of his material body he wants to live at any cost. Vidura is trying to open his eyes to see that he cannot live more than his term and that he must prepare for death.”
Inevitable death is close to Dhṛtarāṣṭra and Vidura compassionately speaks to him, to enlighten him about the reality of this temporary endeavour. He puts the facts straight and doesn't disclose anything from him. His words are like thunder and lightning, illuminating the mind of Dhṛtarāṣṭra.
Thus, Dhṛtarāṣṭra is convinced by the words of Vidura and he withdraws his bodily attachment towards the kingdom and family to find shelter in the Himalayas for the last stage of life.
One may conclude that effective communication is based on compassion and a right choice of words according to time, place and person.
Principally, one can draw from this that words are very powerful. They may detach a king from his kingdom. On the other hand, silence can also speak truth, that is to say, that sometimes one might choose to renounce speech in order to give the truth.
The essence is that all words come from the Lord and should be used to glorify and please the Lord and His devotees.