Batteries MDPI

10/02/2025

🙌Highly Accessed Papers Recommendation!

“A Review on Design Parameters for the Full-Cell Lithium-Ion Batteries”
by Faizan Ghani, Kunsik An and D**gjin Lee
Batteries 2024, 10(10), 340; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries10100340

👉Welcome to read Highly Accessed Papers in Q3 of 2024
https://www.mdpi.com/journal/batteries/announcements/10071

Abstract
The lithium-ion battery (LIB) is a promising energy storage system that has dominated the energy market due to its low cost, high specific capacity, and energy density, while still meeting the energy consumption requirements of current appliances. The simple design of LIBs in various formats—such as coin cells, pouch cells, cylindrical cells, etc.—along with the latest scientific findings, trends, data collection, and effective research methods, has been summarized previously. These papers addressed individual design parameters as well as provided a general overview of LIBs. They also included characterization techniques, selection of new electrodes and electrolytes, their properties, analysis of electrochemical reaction mechanisms, and reviews of recent research findings. Additionally, some articles on computer simulations and mathematical modeling have examined the design of full-cell LIBs for power grid and electric vehicle applications. To fully understand LIB operation, a simple and concise report on design parameters and modification strategies is essential. This literature aims to summarize the design parameters that are often overlooked in academic research for the development of full-cell LIBs.

Keywords:
Li-Ion batteries; design parameters; electrodes; electrolytes; electrochemical reaction mechanism; physicochemical properties

07/02/2025

🙌Highly Accessed Papers Recommendation!

“Review of Energy Storage Capacitor Technology”
by Wenting Liu, Xianzhong Sun, Xinyu Yan, Yinghui Gao, Xiong Zhang, Kai Wang and Yanwei Ma
Batteries 2024, 10(8), 271; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries10080271

👉Welcome to read Highly Accessed Papers in Q3 of 2024
https://www.mdpi.com/journal/batteries/announcements/10071

Abstract
Capacitors exhibit exceptional power density, a vast operational temperature range, remarkable reliability, lightweight construction, and high efficiency, making them extensively utilized in the realm of energy storage. There exist two primary categories of energy storage capacitors: dielectric capacitors and supercapacitors. Dielectric capacitors encompass film capacitors, ceramic dielectric capacitors, and electrolytic capacitors, whereas supercapacitors can be further categorized into double-layer capacitors, pseudocapacitors, and hybrid capacitors. These capacitors exhibit diverse operational principles and performance characteristics, subsequently dictating their specific application scenarios. To make informed decisions in selecting capacitors for practical applications, a comprehensive knowledge of their structure and operational principles is imperative. Consequently, this review delved into the structure, working principles, and unique characteristics of the aforementioned capacitors, aiming to clarify the distinctions between dielectric capacitors, supercapacitors, and lithium-ion capacitors.

Keywords:
film capacitors; ceramic dielectric capacitors; electrolytic capacitors; double-layer capacitors; pseudocapacitors; lithium-ion capacitors; structure; operational principles

Capacitors exhibit exceptional power density, a vast operational temperature range, remarkable reliability, lightweight construction, and high efficiency, making them extensively utilized in the realm of energy storage. There exist two primary categories of energy storage capacitors: dielectric capa...

06/02/2025

🙌Highly Accessed Papers Recommendation!

“Recent Advancements in Battery Thermal Management Systems for Enhanced Performance of Li-Ion Batteries: A Comprehensive Review”
by Amin Rahmani, Mahdieh Dibaj and Mohammad Akrami
Batteries 2024, 10(8), 265; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries10080265
👉Welcome to read Highly Accessed Papers in Q3 of 2024
https://www.mdpi.com/journal/batteries/announcements/10071

Abstract
Li-ion batteries are crucial for sustainable energy, powering electric vehicles, and supporting renewable energy storage systems for solar and wind power integration. Keeping these batteries at temperatures between 285 K and 310 K is crucial for optimal performance. This requires efficient battery thermal management systems (BTMS). Many studies, both numerical and experimental, have focused on improving BTMS efficiency. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the latest BTMS designs developed in 2023 and 2024, with a focus on recent advancements and innovations. The primary objective is to evaluate these new designs to identify key improvements and trends. This review categorizes BTMS designs into four cooling methods: air-cooling, liquid-cooling, phase change material (PCM)-cooling, and thermoelectric cooling. It provides a detailed analysis of each method. It also offers a unique examination of hybrid cooling BTMSs, classifying them based on their impact on the cooling process. A hybrid-cooling BTMS refers to a method that combines at least two of the four types of BTMS (air-cooling, liquid-cooling, PCM-cooling, and thermoelectric-cooling) to enhance thermal management efficiency. Unlike previous reviews, this study emphasizes the novelty of recent designs and the substantial results they achieve, offering significant insights and recommendations for future research and development in BTMS. By highlighting the latest innovations and providing an in-depth analysis, this paper serves as a valuable resource for researchers and engineers aiming to enhance battery performance and sustainability through advanced thermal management solutions.

Keywords:
battery thermal management systems; Lithium-ion batteries; air cooling; liquid cooling; PCM-cooling; thermoelectric-cooling

06/02/2025

🌟 I'm excited to share an Editor's Choice article from the journal Batteries.

Title: Recycling of Lithium-Ion Batteries via Electrochemical Recovery: A Mini-Review

by Lu Yu, Yaocai Bai and Ilias Belharouak Oak Ridge National Laboratory

🔗 Don't miss out on this cutting-edge research. Read the full article here: https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/10/10/337

💡 Invitation to Explore the Editor’s Choice Articles (Issues 7–9, 2024): https://www.mdpi.com/journal/batteries/announcements/10489

💡 The full list of Editor’s Choice Articles can be viewed at the following link: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/batteries/editors_choice.

05/02/2025

🙌Highly Accessed Papers Recommendation!

“Comparative Issues of Metal-Ion Batteries toward Sustainable Energy Storage: Lithium vs. Sodium”
by Atiyeh Nekahi, Mehrdad Dorri, Mina Rezaei, Mohamed Djihad Bouguern, Anil Kumar Madikere Raghunatha Reddy, Xia Li, Sixu Deng and Karim Zaghib
Batteries 2024, 10(8), 279; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries10080279

👉Welcome to read Highly Accessed Papers in Q3 of 2024
https://www.mdpi.com/journal/batteries/announcements/10071

Abstract
In recent years, batteries have revolutionized electrification projects and accelerated the energy transition. Consequently, battery systems were hugely demanded based on large-scale electrification projects, leading to significant interest in low-cost and more abundant chemistries to meet these requirements in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). As a result, lithium iron phosphate (LFP) share has increased considerably due to lower cost and higher safety compared to conventional nickel and cobalt-based chemistries. However, their fast-growing share is affected by updated chemistries, where cheaper systems like sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are becoming more attractive. SIBs also benefited from the greener, more ethical, and evenly distributed elemental resources. SIBs are fast approaching market thanks to mature LIB’s technology and manufacturing scalability using existing Li-ion gigafactories. Additionally, SIBs can be adapted to other emerging technologies, including Li-ion batteries and silicon-based anodes, influencing projections for their broader use. However, despite the lower cost and abundance of sodium chemistries compared to lithium ones, limited manufacturing capacity discourages material suppliers from increasing production, which restricts the supply chain, raises costs, and diminishes Na battery manufacturing. Here, we aim to provide an overview of the progress of SIBs in gaining market share from LIBs. We first reviewed LIB and SIB histories, developments, and market share. Then, we analyzed the offered chemicals in battery components, their resources and supplies, material demand, and supply chain. The commercialization of each system was investigated in addition to the challenges related to energy density, environmental impact, sustainability, and safety. If all these concerns are addressed properly, LIBs and SIBs could potentially offer a more affordable, safer, and sustainable choice for the global energy storage outlook, particularly in short-range electric vehicles and stationary grid storage.

Keywords:
sodium-ion batteries; lithium-ion batteries; commercialization; sustainability; comparative issues

05/02/2025

🌟 I'm excited to share an Editor's Choice article from the journal Batteries.

Title: Improving Lithium-Ion Battery Performance: Nano Al2O3 Coatings on High-Mass Loading LiFePO4 Cathodes via Atomic Layer Deposition

by Pejman Salimi, Gloria Gottardi, William G. Morais, Ruben Bartali, Nadhira Laidani and Edoardo Gino Macchi

🔗 Don't miss out on this cutting-edge research. Read the full article here: https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/10/9/304

💡 Invitation to Explore the Editor’s Choice Articles (Issues 7–9, 2024): https://www.mdpi.com/journal/batteries/announcements/10489

💡 The full list of Editor’s Choice Articles can be viewed at the following link: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/batteries/editors_choice.

Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4 or LFP) is a promising cathode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), but side reactions between the electrolyte and the LFP electrode can degrade battery performance. This study introduces an innovative coating strategy, using atomic layer deposition (ALD) to app...

04/02/2025

🙌Highly Accessed Papers Recommendation!

“Environmental Aspects and Recycling of Solid-State Batteries: A Comprehensive Review”
by Abniel Machín, María C. Cotto, Francisco Díaz, José Duconge, Carmen Morant and Francisco Márquez
Batteries 2024, 10(7), 255; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries10070255

👉Welcome to read Highly Accessed Papers in Q3 of 2024
https://www.mdpi.com/journal/batteries/announcements/10071

Abstract
Solid-state batteries (SSBs) have emerged as a promising alternative to conventional lithium-ion batteries, with notable advantages in safety, energy density, and longevity, yet the environmental implications of their life cycle, from manufacturing to disposal, remain a critical concern. This review examines the environmental impacts associated with the production, use, and end-of-life management of SSBs, starting with the extraction and processing of raw materials, and highlights significant natural resource consumption, energy use, and emissions. A comparative analysis with traditional battery manufacturing underscores the environmental hazards of novel materials specific to SSBs. The review also assesses the operational environmental impact of SSBs by evaluating their energy efficiency and carbon footprint in comparison to conventional batteries, followed by an exploration of end-of-life challenges, including disposal risks, regulatory frameworks, and the shortcomings of existing waste management practices. A significant focus is placed on recycling and reuse strategies, reviewing current methodologies like mechanical, pyrometallurgical, and hydrometallurgical processes, along with emerging technologies that aim to overcome recycling barriers, while also analyzing the economic and technological challenges of these processes. Additionally, real-world case studies are presented, serving as benchmarks for best practices and highlighting lessons learned in the field. In conclusion, the paper identifies research gaps and future directions for reducing the environmental footprint of SSBs, underscoring the need for interdisciplinary collaboration to advance sustainable SSB technologies and contribute to balancing technological advancements with environmental stewardship, thereby supporting the transition to a more sustainable energy future.

Keywords:
solid-state batteries; sustainability; recycling; waste management; green technology

04/02/2025

🌟 I'm excited to share an Editor's Choice article from the journal Batteries.

Title: Anion Intercalation/De-Intercalation Mechanism Enabling High Energy and Power Densities of Lithium-Ion Capacitors

by Yang Zhang, Junquan Lao and Ping Xiao The University of Manchester

🔗 Don't miss out on this cutting-edge research. Read the full article here: https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/10/9/296

💡 Invitation to Explore the Editor’s Choice Articles (Issues 7–9, 2024): https://www.mdpi.com/journal/batteries/announcements/10489

💡 The full list of Editor’s Choice Articles can be viewed at the following link: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/batteries/editors_choice.

03/02/2025

🙌Highly Accessed Papers Recommendation!

“Binders for Li-Ion Battery Technologies and Beyond: A Comprehensive Review”
by Muskan Srivastava, Anil Kumar M. R. and Karim Zaghib
Batteries 2024, 10(8), 268; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries10080268

👉Welcome to read Highly Accessed Papers in Q3 of 2024
https://www.mdpi.com/journal/batteries/announcements/10071

Abstract
The effects of global warming highlight the urgent need for effective solutions to this problem. The electrification of society, which occurs through the widespread adoption of electric vehicles (EVs), is a critical strategy to combat climate change. Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are vital components of the global energy-storage market for EVs, and sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have gained renewed interest owing to their potential for rapid growth. Improved safety and stability have also put solid-state batteries (SSBs) on the chart of top batteries in the world. This review examines three critical battery technologies: LIBs, SIBs, and SSBs. Although research has historically concentrated on heavier battery components, such as electrodes, to achieve high gravimetric density, binders, which comprise less than 5% of the battery weight, have demonstrated great promise for meeting the increasing need for energy storage. This review thoroughly examines various binders, focusing on their solubilities in water and organic solvents. Understanding binder mechanisms is crucial for developing binders that maintain strong adhesion to electrodes, even during volume fluctuations caused by lithiation and delithiation. Therefore, we investigated the different mechanisms associated with binders. This review also discusses failure mechanisms and innovative design strategies to improve the performance of binders, such as composite, conductive, and self-healing binders. By investigating these fields, we hope to develop energy storage technologies that are more dependable and efficient while also helping to satisfy future energy needs.

Keywords:
lithium-ion batteries; sodium-ion batteries; solid-state batteries; binders; failure mechanism; design strategies

03/02/2025

🌟 I'm excited to share an Editor's Choice article from the journal Batteries.

Title: Experimental Study on Thermal Runaway Characteristics of High-Nickel Ternary Lithium-Ion Batteries under Normal and Low Pressures

by Ye Jin, Di Meng, Chen-Xi Zhao, Jia-Ling Yu, Xue-Hui Wang and Jian Wang University of Science and Technology of China

🔗 Don't miss out on this cutting-edge research. Read the full article here: https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/10/8/287

💡 Invitation to Explore the Editor’s Choice Articles (Issues 7–9, 2024): https://www.mdpi.com/journal/batteries/announcements/10489

💡 The full list of Editor’s Choice Articles can be viewed at the following link: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/batteries/editors_choice.

31/01/2025

🙌Highly Accessed Papers Recommendation!

“Ionic Conductivity Analysis of NASICON Solid Electrolyte Coated with Polyvinyl-Based Polymers”
by Tiago Afonso Salgueiro, Rita Carvalho Veloso, João Ventura, Federico Danzi and Joana Oliveira
Batteries 2024, 10(5), 157; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries10050157
👉Welcome to read Highly Accessed Papers in Q2 of 2024
https://www.mdpi.com/journal/batteries/announcements/10074

Abstract
The global environmental crisis necessitates reliable, sustainable, and safe energy storage solutions. The current systems are nearing their capacity limits due to the reliance on conventional liquid electrolytes, which are fraught with stability and safety concerns, prompting the exploration of solid-state electrolytes, which enable the integration of metal electrodes. Solid-state sodium-ion batteries emerge as an appealing option by leveraging the abundance, low cost, and sustainability of sodium. However, low ionic conductivity and high interfacial resistance currently prevent their widespread adoption. This study explores polyvinyl-based polymers as wetting agents for the NASICON-type NZSP (Na3Zr2Si2PO12) solid electrolyte, resulting in a combined system with enhanced ionic conductivity suitable for Na-ion solid-state full cells. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) performed on symmetric cells employing NZSP paired with different wetting agent compositions demonstrates a significant reduction in interfacial resistance with the use of poly(vinyl acetate)—(PVAc-) based polymers, achieving an impressive ionic conductivity of 1.31 mS cm−1 at room temperature, 63.8% higher than the pristine material, notably reaching 7.36 mS cm−1 at 90 °C. These results offer valuable insights into the potential of PVAc-based polymers for advancing high-performance solid-state sodium-ion batteries by reducing their total internal resistance.

Keywords:
solid-state sodium-ion batteries; NASICON; NZSP; symmetric cells; ionic conductivity; electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; polyvinyl-based polymers; wetting agents

The global environmental crisis necessitates reliable, sustainable, and safe energy storage solutions. The current systems are nearing their capacity limits due to the reliance on conventional liquid electrolytes, which are fraught with stability and safety concerns, prompting the exploration of sol...

31/01/2025

🌟 I'm excited to share an Editor's Choice article from the journal Batteries.

Title: Sustainable Battery Lifecycle: Non-Destructive Separation of Batteries and Potential Second Life Applications

by Gernot Schlögl, Stefan Grollitsch, Christian Ellersdorfer, Florian Feist, Christoph Kirschner, Josef Ecker and Franz Haas from University of Technology

🔗 Don't miss out on this cutting-edge research. Read the full article here: https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/10/8/280

💡 Invitation to Explore the Editor’s Choice Articles (Issues 7–9, 2024): https://www.mdpi.com/journal/batteries/announcements/10489

💡 The full list of Editor’s Choice Articles can be viewed at the following link: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/batteries/editors_choice.

30/01/2025

🙌Highly Accessed Papers Recommendation!

“Comparative Review of Thermal Management Systems for BESS”
by Nixon Kerwa Mdachi and Chang Choong-koo
Batteries 2024, 10(7), 224; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries10070224
👉Welcome to read Highly Accessed Papers in Q2 of 2024
https://www.mdpi.com/journal/batteries/announcements/10074

Abstract
The integration of renewable energy sources necessitates effective thermal management of Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) to maintain grid stability. This study aims to address this need by examining various thermal management approaches for BESS, specifically within the context of Virtual Power Plants (VPP). It evaluates the effectiveness, safety features, reliability, cost-efficiency, and appropriateness of these systems for VPP applications. Among the various hybrid cooling options, two notably promising combinations are highlighted. First, the integration of heat pipes with phase change materials, which effectively conduct heat away from sources with minimal temperature differences, enabling swift heat transfer. Second, the combination of heat pipes with liquid passive cooling, which utilizes the efficient heat transfer properties of heat pipes and the steady cooling offered by liquid systems. This study offers recommendations for choosing the best thermal management system based on climate conditions and geographic location, thereby enhancing BESS performance and sustainability within VPPs.

Keywords:
active liquid cooling; battery energy storage systems; hybrid systems; passive cooling; thermal management systems; virtual power plants

The integration of renewable energy sources necessitates effective thermal management of Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) to maintain grid stability. This study aims to address this need by examining various thermal management approaches for BESS, specifically within the context of Virtual Powe...

30/01/2025

🌟 I'm excited to share an Editor's Choice article from the journal Batteries.

Title: Binders for Li-Ion Battery Technologies and Beyond: A Comprehensive Review

by Muskan Srivastava, Anil Kumar M. R. and Karim Zaghib from Concordia University

🔗 Don't miss out on this cutting-edge research. Read the full article here: https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/10/8/268

💡 Invitation to Explore the Editor’s Choice Articles (Issues 7–9, 2024): https://www.mdpi.com/journal/batteries/announcements/10489

💡 The full list of Editor’s Choice Articles can be viewed at the following link: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/batteries/editors_choice.

29/01/2025

🙌Highly Accessed Papers Recommendation!

“A Comparative Review of Models for All-Solid-State Li-Ion Batteries”
by Erkin Yildiz, Mattia Serpelloni, Alberto Salvadori and Luigi Cabras
Batteries 2024, 10(5), 150; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries10050150

👉Welcome to read Highly Accessed Papers in Q2 of 2024
https://www.mdpi.com/journal/batteries/announcements/10074

Abstract
In recent times, there has been significant enthusiasm for the development of all-solid-state Li-ion batteries. This interest stems from a dual focus on safety—addressing concerns related to toxic and flammable organic liquid electrolytes—and the pursuit of high energy density. While liquid electrolyte batteries currently constitute the vast majority of commercial cells, solid electrolyte batteries show great promise. In parallel with experimental research, computational models clarify several fundamental physics that take place throughout battery operations. Giving up on reviewing a broad screening of the existing literature, we set out to select here a few highly relevant models, emphasizing some fundamental conceptual advancements and offering an in-depth and critical insight into the current state of the art. The papers we selected aim at providing the reader with a tangible and quantitative understanding of how all-solid-state Li-ion batteries operate, including the different mechanisms at play and the mathematical tools required to model the pertinent physics and mechanics.

Keywords:
all-solid-state batteries; modeling; multiscale compatibility

In recent times, there has been significant enthusiasm for the development of all-solid-state Li-ion batteries. This interest stems from a dual focus on safety—addressing concerns related to toxic and flammable organic liquid electrolytes—and the pursuit of high energy density. While liquid elec...

29/01/2025

🌟 I'm excited to share an Editor's Choice article from the journal Batteries.

Title: Environmental Aspects and Recycling of Solid-State Batteries: A Comprehensive Review

by Abniel Machín, María C. Cotto, Francisco Díaz, José Duconge, Carmen Morant and Francisco Márquez from Universidad Ana G. Méndez Universidad Autónoma de Madrid

🔗 Don't miss out on this cutting-edge research. Read the full article here: https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/10/7/255

💡 Invitation to Explore the Editor’s Choice Articles (Issues 7–9, 2024): https://www.mdpi.com/journal/batteries/announcements/10489

💡 The full list of Editor’s Choice Articles can be viewed at the following link: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/batteries/editors_choice.

28/01/2025

🙌Highly Accessed Papers Recommendation!

“Behavior of NO3−-Based Electrolyte Additive in Lithium Metal Batteries”
by Jeongmin Kim, Taeho Yoon and Oh B. Chae
Batteries 2024, 10(4), 135; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries10040135

👉Welcome to read Highly Accessed Papers in Q2 of 2024
https://www.mdpi.com/journal/batteries/announcements/10074

Abstract
While lithium metal is highly desired as a next-generation battery material due to its theoretically highest capacity and lowest electrode potential, its practical application has been impeded by stability issues such as dendrite formation and short cycle life. Ongoing research aims to enhance the stability of lithium metal batteries for commercialization. Among the studies, research on N-based electrolyte additives, which can stabilize the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer and provide stability to the lithium metal surface, holds great promise. The NO3− anion in the N-based electrolyte additive causes the SEI layer on the lithium metal surface to contain compounds such as Li3N and Li2O, which not only facilitates the conduction of Li+ ions in the SEI layer but also increases its mechanical strength. However, due to challenges with the solubility of N-based electrolyte additives in carbonate-based electrolytes, extensive research has been conducted on electrolytes based on ethers. Nonetheless, the low oxidative stability of ether-based electrolytes hinders their practical application. Hence, a strategy is needed to incorporate N-based electrolyte additives into carbonate-based electrolytes. In this review, we address the challenges of lithium metal batteries and propose practical approaches for the application and development of N-based electrolyte additives.

Keywords:
lithium metal batteries; ether-based electrolytes; carbonate-based electrolytes; electrolyte additives; LiNO3

28/01/2025

🌟 I'm excited to share an Editor's Choice article from the journal Batteries.

Title: Development of Printed Pouch Film and Flexible Battery

by Gyeongseok Oh, Snigdha Paramita Mantry, Jae Ho Sim, Hyeon Woo Cho, Mijin Won, Hwamok Park, Jiyoung Park, Juhwan Lee and D**g Soo Kim from 국립 한밭대학교(Hanbat National University)

🔗 Don't miss out on this cutting-edge research. Read the full article here: https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/10/7/244

💡 Invitation to Explore the Editor’s Choice Articles (Issues 7–9, 2024): https://www.mdpi.com/journal/batteries/announcements/10489

💡 The full list of Editor’s Choice Articles can be viewed at the following link: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/batteries/editors_choice.