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The Psychology of Midlife Gen X NostalgiaAs Gen X enters solid midlife, recent TV shows take stock of a precarious world...
15/12/2021

The Psychology of Midlife Gen X Nostalgia
As Gen X enters solid midlife, recent TV shows take stock of a precarious world.
As we approach the end of the second year of our global COVID-19 pandemic during this holiday season, several television shows, many filmed post-lockdown, have emerged around the theme of taking stock of our lives. The pandemic has fundamentally altered some things in our social consciousness; it exposed how quickly society as we know it can disappear, and how even moving forward, some aspects will never be quite the same. While with vaccinations and masks, we’ve creaked back into a vague simulacrum of life as we knew it pre-COVID, there remains fear and uncertainty and a now chronic and deep sense of vulnerability that we may never quite shake.

Accordingly, Generation X—often considered a forgotten generation, sandwiched between the larger groups of the Boomers and the Millennials—has officially entered older middle-age, with many of us mid-40s to mid-50s now. We are not so old as to expect imminent functional limitations, but not so young as to forget mortality around the corner and watching our aging parents. Many have children now in high school and college, becoming independent Gen Z mouthpieces of their own and establishing a new cultural zeitgeist.

Historical events largely simmered for our generation, with ominous overtones but overall a strange detachment from frontline chaos. The Cold War imbued us with an overarching sense of existential dread but its relatively peaceful end left many of us solipsistic and confused. The Middle East became the next front for global catastrophes, with the two Persian Gulf Wars and 9/11 (the one exception that burst our illusory sheltered reverie), but still on a relatively smaller scale in terms of overall U.S. lives lost compared to WW2 or the Vietnam War.

Many of us instead grew up on a steady diet of virtual reality and technology, numbed to the physical discomfort or labor. Communications slowly became instantaneous and individually masterminded. We began typing and Skyping away our lives to each other, seeking stimulation within the boundaries of what was comfortable. We kept tragedy at arms’ length as much as possible, while a growing underclass suffered and took the brunt of society's need for convenience.

COVID both ruptured and reinforced these assumptions. The underclass was exploited more than ever, sacrificed on the altar of instant gratification. But we also knew so many were hanging in suspended animation in ICUs before ultimately dying; that any vulnerability was mercilessly exploited by this virus, that hundreds of thousands were gone. Even if these massive numbers remain coated with a certain media and societal numbness (with an entrenched wing of straight up denial), many of us know it’s real.

These shows perhaps are attempting to hearken to the wistful innocence of simpler navel-gazing, of the joys of self-gratification for its own sake. "The Real World" was the first reality TV show, airing on the once revolutionary MTV channel, now a vague corporatized shadow of its spirited artistic roots. "The Real World Homecoming" aired in March of this year, reuniting the original cast of the first season in NYC (filmed in 1992) in their original loft, during the height of the pandemic. In fact, one cast member ended up quarantined in a hotel after testing positive and had to participate virtually only. This original cast was a groundbreaking combination of Gen X archetypes: the southern naif, the grunge rocker, the hip-hop queen, etc. Unlike subsequent generations of the show, the participants genuinely had no clue what was happening in this experiment; they were free from the gratuitous self-promotion and preening of typical reality TV stars today.

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The show becomes a heartwarming summary of where our generation is at today. Most of the cast (with one notable exception) is comfortable acknowledging how social mores and awareness have changed with regard to race, s*xuality, gender, and other important social justice issues raised today. Most are able to exhibit growth, grace, and dignity regarding tolerance and awareness of our need to value diversity and life experience in all its forms.

Sadly, in my view, one cast member isn’t able to shake the dark side of Gen X, our potential narcissism. Rebecca reverts to a defensive me-first stance, one that underscores a fundamental problem with many in our society who cannot shake that sense of ego and fragility in lieu of acknowledging systemic injustices and racial issues larger than any individual affronts at being called culpable.

Another ongoing ensemble comedy show, "It’s Always Sunny in Philadelphia," which recently started its 15th season, has traditionally indulged in blinkered Gen X comedy, where edginess for its own sake was the modus operandi (leading to some episodes having aged in a cringeworthy fashion). At least they have always run from the baseline moral assumption that the characters are terrible people, which helps ground some of their excesses. Trying to avoid the stodginess of other similar comedy/comedians like "South Park" or Bill Maher or even Dave Chappelle, who claim their comedic freedom is being constrained by social justice awareness, the newest episodes of "Sunny" at best present a fresher attempt to incorporate that moral consciousness while still skewering with aplomb. The pandemic is smoothly incorporated into their ongoing absurdist schemes.

"S*x and the City" has also returned with a new series, casting doubt on whether the essential premise of the original was ever liberating or just a new form of illusory solipsism as well. The cast was always older Gen X-bridging to Boomer, so they present perhaps a greater generational gap to shift from in terms of their underlying ideas. Charlotte is jarringly dated when she tells Miranda she needs to dye her hair for her return to grad school. Carrie is oddly prudish and uncomfortable discussing s*xuality during a podcast. Miranda thoroughly embarrasses herself during her first class with racially iffy comments. It remains to be seen how the characters cope with the modern world, especially when mortality harshly intrudes into the picture.

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Overall, Gen X in these shows is trying to face the realities of where we stand in the current life cycle, in the current state of historical upheaval. We grew up during a sheltered 80s conservatism laced with simplistic narratives about progress and self-creation, bolstered by a concomitant technological boom that has not paused to breathe during our lifetimes, until the pandemic. In some ways, it still has not paused, as many workplaces abruptly now shift to all-virtual platforms for better or worse.

In the meantime, technology also permitted greater democratization of marginalized voices, and greater exposure of systemic injustices like police brutality and s*xual harassment, while our national demographics also continue to shift in this global economy. Sadly, the same technology has also permitted propaganda-based manipulation of groups who also feel more disenfranchised and uncertain in this rapidly changing world and has led to dangerous political polarization and fears for our democracy.

Our generation is now quietly approaching the helm of senior leadership in our society, but with a very mixed set of values reflecting the various influences we grew up with. Some of us are inspired and open to listening to our progressive younger counterparts. Others of us are riding the coattails of toxic establishment demagogues. At heart, many of us were a lonely latchkey generation, but optimistic and carefree in other ways with our quirky humor, our creative music, and our belief in a peaceful world. Perhaps that kindhearted, laidback maturity is the best thing we can offer to the generations around us, as we move forward in this brave new world.

Understanding Gray Divorce and the Grieving ProcessLearning about the grief process can help you and those you love.KEY ...
15/12/2021

Understanding Gray Divorce and the Grieving Process
Learning about the grief process can help you and those you love.
KEY POINTS
The losses from gray divorce can overwhelm you, your family members, and your friends.
Grief is a natural reaction to loss.
Learning about grief theories can help you and the people close to you heal and move forward.
Kindel Media/Pexels
Man experiencing gray divorce grieving.Source: Kindel Media/Pexels
John Bowlby, the developer of attachment theory, said, "There are few blows to the human spirit so great as the loss of someone near and dear."

Undoubtedly, the best-known grief theory is Elizabeth Kübler-Ross’s five-stage theory described in her book On Death and Dying. While the book was about facing one’s own death or that of a loved one, the stages can often apply to losses that arise from any life-changing event in which a person experiences a profound loss, such as trauma, divorce, or the loss of one’s home or job. Kübler-Ross explained that these stages are not linear, as people may often move back and forth between them:

Denial. “This can’t be happening to me! I’m not going to talk about this. I’d rather be alone.”
Anger. “Why is this happening to me?" Often this anger is directed outward at others: "How could you do this to me?”
Bargaining. This stage is about having irrational hope that they can change something unchangeable: "If I do this, maybe I can make it go away.”
Depression. “I give up. Nothing matters now.”
Acceptance. “I am willing to accept this new reality.”
Less widely known, especially to lay audiences, is Bowlby’s theory of grieving, developed from his attachment theory, which states that humans form strong attachment bonds with important people in their lives. Many theories and models of grief have built upon Bowlby’s work, which asserted that adults’ mourning processes were similar to the anxiety children experienced when separated from their mothers. Bowlby emphasized the survival purpose of attachment bonds, and this provided a plausible explanation for grief responses like searching and anger. Separation and divorce can strain and even break attachment bonds. Bowlby explained that adults respond to separation and loss when attachment bonds break, and grief is the natural reaction.

Grief psychiatrist Colin Murray Parkes joined with Bowlby to develop their four phases of grief theory:

Numbness. This allows a person to cope initially with the loss. “This is unreal. I feel numb.”
Searching and yearning. This includes a variety of emotions such as anger, anxiety, uncertainty, guilt, sorrow, restlessness, and confusion. The person searches for meaning and reasons why the loss has occurred. “I yearn and search for the comfort I had before this loss occurred. Why has this happened?”
Despair and depression. This causes the person to feel that everything is surreal, and that nothing feels right. The person may want to be alone, withdraw from activities, feel hopeless, and lack self-care. “I have lost all hope. Nothing will ever be the same.”
Reorganization. The person begins to realize the reality of the loss, accepts that their old reality is gone forever, and has increased energy and interest in activities. They may still have moments of grieving, though they are moving on with her life. “I will find ways to integrate this loss and the memories we shared into my own identity and life.”
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Bowlby stated that these phases were not discrete and that individuals may oscillate back and forth between them. He noted that for grieving to result in a favorable outcome, the bereaved person must express their feelings of yearning, anger, sadness, fear of loneliness, and desires for sympathy and support—and that the person may need the support of another trusted person.

Courtesy Anja Hughes
Source: Courtesy Anja Hughes
Contrary to Bowlby’s assertion that for grieving to result in a favorable outcome a bereaved person must be able to express his feelings, Columbia University psychologist George Bonanno found that many bereaved individuals exhibit little or no grief, and that these individuals are not cold and unfeeling, nor lacking in attachment, but instead capable of genuine resilience in the case of loss.

Many people ask how long grieving should take. Since many variables affect the grieving process, no one answer applies to everyone. Sometimes people experience what is known as “complicated grief,” which feels like being in a constant, heightened state of mourning that prevents a person from healing.

Another grief theorist, Harvard University psychologist William Worden, developed a model involving four tasks of mourning designed to help a person work through grief:

Acceptance, that the loss has occurred.
Experiencing the pain, during which the person works through the pain of grief by talking and acknowledging the loss and how they feel physically, emotionally, and spiritually.
Adjusting to the accompanying losses, such as the loss of a family home or the loss of identity, or specific financial losses.
Letting go and investing energy in life, activities, and relationships.
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Like Bowlby, Parkes, and Kübler-Ross, Worden reminds us that grief is not linear, nor are the tasks intended to be, and a person may revisit a task as needed.

Although not specifically about grieving, the research of W. Thomas Boyce, chief of the Division of Developmental Medicine at the University of California, San Francisco, echoes Bonanno's work. In his book The Orchid and the Dandelion, Boyce writes describes his discoveries into how genetic makeup and environment shape behavior. His research indicates a pattern that appears to apply to children worldwide and to continue into adulthood. He found that about 20 percent of children experience over half of all psychological illnesses, while others remain comparatively healthy. Boyce calls these children, who are fragile, sensitive, and susceptible, but can also thrive more than other children if given the right environment, "orchids." He refers to the approximately 80 percent of children, who are healthy, hardy, and resilient, and can thrive in any environment, "dandelions."

Perhaps Boyce's findings explain the varied reactions and coping capabilities of adult children and their parents to the losses that ensue from divorce. Maybe the “orchids” are the adult children and parents who have the most difficulty dealing with their emotional reactions to parental divorce. At the same time, the “dandelions” continue to adapt and even thrive in the new divorce environment.

Specific to divorcing couples is the work of University of Virginia psychologist Robert Emery, who differentiates grieving an irrevocable loss like death from grieving a revocable loss like divorce, in which the possibility of reconciliation remains for the former spouses and their children. Based on his case observations and research, he developed a theory of grief in divorce that describes a cycle of grief for the divorcing couple. Emery postulated that the emotions of the spouses swing between feelings of love, anger, and sadness, and that these emotions diminish over time. Often adult children of divorcing parents swing through cycles like those Emery proposed. He also stated that divorce's uncertainties mean that grief in divorce can be delayed, interrupted, repeated, prolonged, and unresolved. Applying his findings beyond divorcing couples to their adult children, extended family, and community members may illustrate why it can be difficult for loved ones and friends to process and accept what they experience during and after gray divorce.

Remember that understanding is the first step in healing for you, your family, and your friends. Assess how these theories help you understand what you have been experiencing and where you are in your grief process. Also, ascertain where your nuclear family, extended family, and support system members are in their own grief processes. You are all on your paths of grieving and eventual healing. The paths and timeframes may not be the same. Grieving takes time, sometimes a lot, and tends to take its own path. Although it is often difficult to maintain an attitude of hope while grieving, hope is essential to help you heal.

4 Keys to Making a Relationship WorkThe Gottmans' core advice: My yes-ands and yes-buts.KEY POINTSNot all conflicts are ...
15/12/2021

4 Keys to Making a Relationship Work
The Gottmans' core advice: My yes-ands and yes-buts.
KEY POINTS
Not all conflicts are resolvable. It's important to decide which should be accepted as immutable, and which should, statesman-like, be tackled.
If your personality tends to the negative, that's tough on a relationship. Consider reminding yourself of that when conversing with your partner.
Asking your partner open-ended questions such as, "Tell me a story about you, now or in your past," can help a relationship.
Garry Willmore/Flickr, CC 2.0
Source: Garry Willmore/Flickr, CC 2.0
John and Julie Gottman have studied, with unusual rigor and for 40-plus years now, what makes relationships work. Their findings are summarized in the book Eight Dates.

"Eight dates" refers to regularly scheduled meetings in which the couple talks respectfully about big issues: trust, conflict, s*x, money, family, adventure, spirituality, and dreams. Some of my clients, as well as my wife and I, have done some variant of the eight dates, and we all feel it's been worthwhile.

More Gottman Nuggets
Here's other core advice from the Gottmans, plus my yes-ands and yes-buts.

1. Never stop being curious about your partner. That may seem pie-in-the-sky but it can be realistic. The Gottmans urge us to ask our partner open-ended questions. The following are questions I've recommended to clients and that my wife and I have discussed to advantage:

Tell me a story about you, now or in your past.
Do you have any dreams, not necessarily when sleeping but about your future?
Do you ever wonder if that’s all there is, I mean career-wise, relationship-wise, otherwise?
Your parents don't display much emotion, and you’re kind of that way. Has that served you well?
You want to have kids more than I do. What, deep down, do you think is the main driver of that?
I know you’re a Democrat, but why are you a Democrat?
You believe in God. In the face of evidence to the contrary, what makes you have faith in God?
How are you feeling about your substance use?
Or you could ask something quite general, for example,

How are you feeling?
2. Conflict is inevitable. Key is accepting the immutable and attempting to resolve the others in a statesman-like way.

The Gottmans' research found that 69% of conflicts never get resolved and the key is how to deal with the 31%. Of course, that begs the question of how to figure out whether a conflict is likely to be resolved. Well, here's an example of how you might constructively have such a discussion:

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You: We argue a lot about your spending, my rushing in s*x, and my being less enthusiastic than you are about spending time with your parents. Do you think those issues are in the 69% or the 31%?

Your partner: Maybe it's easiest if we start with the issue of visiting my parents.

You: I think we can agree that your parents think I'm a know-it-all and I think they're, well, lackluster. Without a personality transplant, do you think either is likely to change?

Your partner: No. So, it sounds like you're making me mainly go see them by myself.

You: If I had my druthers, yes. But might the statesman-like thing to do be for me to join you when it's particularly important to you and/or them and, other times, you go without me? And of course, you can supplement the visits with phone and FaceTime calls. Does that seem reasonable?

Your partner: It depends on how often you think it's important for you to go. I'm afraid you'll want to go just once or twice a year. I like visiting them every two weeks.

You: What if we aim for my going half the time, say once a month. Can you live with that?

Your partner: Well, we can try it. But, in a month, let's agree to revisit the plan.

You: Fair enough. (If it feels right, give your partner a hug.)

3. Successful couples emphasize the good times together and minimize the bad. In my experience, that's a manifestation of the partners' personality in general: They are people who tend to focus on the positive or negative in all aspects of life.

That said, my clients, my wife, and I have found such positivity partly “willable.” It may be worth trying to get in the habit of emphasizing the positive, thinking twice before bringing up the negative, and, yes, trying to do it tactfully. That may not come easily. So, it might help, right before you start interacting with your partner, for example, when you've just come home from work, to first whisper under your breath the word: “positive.” That's a just-in-time reminder. You have nothing to lose in trying that. Do stay with it at least for a few days, to see if it helps.

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4. Avoid judgment. The Gottmans urge us to avoid judgment, but in my judgment, that seems too extreme. Judgment, discernment, is central to rational decision-making. Rather than aiming to avoid judgment, I tell my clients and remind myself to generally keep judgments internal but when it's deemed wise to express judgment, try to do it tactfully.

The takeaway
The longer I’ve worked with clients, the more I believe that the benefits of simplicity, even at the risk of reductionism, outweigh the benefits of comprehensiveness. With that as the undergirding pedagogical principle, I believe we can reasonably reduce the Gottmans' extensive advice to just this: Emphasize the positive and formally meet regularly to identify baby steps forward.

15/12/2021
15/12/2021

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